Abstract
Bi2Sr2CaCu2 O 8 (Bi-2212) powder was fabricated using solid state reaction method. The suspensions were prepared containing finely ground Bi-2212 powder with and without potassium chloride (KCl) addition. Settling experiments and measurements of zeta potential, particle size distribution, and electrophoretic mobility were performed to determine the optimal concentration of the supporting electrolyte. Bi-2212 suspensions were used in electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and the films were heat treated. The results showed that the optimal concentration of KCl is 5.21 wt %. The zeta potential at this concentration is highest at about 31.10 mV, the settling velocity is lowest ∼3.84 mm/min, and the particle size is smallest (∼450 nm), which indicate that the dispersion is better due to the reduction of intermolecular attraction. The effects of KCl as a flux were observed in the microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi-2212 film. The smoothest surface morphology, high c-axis orientation, and highest critical temperature (T c )-onset of 84.73 K were obtained from the film prepared with optimized Bi-2212 suspension.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yang, M., Goringe, M.J., Grovenor, C.R.M., Jenkins, R., Jones, H.: The fabrication of Bi-based superconductor tape by electrophoretic deposition and melt-texturing techniques. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 7, 378–388 (1994)
Manahan, R., Sarmago, R.: Growth of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ δ films by sedimentation deposition and liquid phase sintering and annealing technique. Phys. C Supercond. 445-448, 733–736 (2006)
De Vero, J.C., Blanca, G.R.S., Vitug, J.R., Garcia, W.O., Sarmago , R.V.: Stoichiometric transfer of material in the infrared pulsed laser deposition of yttrium doped Bi-2212 films. Phys. C Supercond. 471, 378–383 (2011)
Cruz, M.M., Molina, K.L., Salvador, A.A., Sarmago, R.V.: Growth of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ δ single crystals from a (KCl-Bi2O3) flux. Phys. C Supercond. 348, 539–540 (2000)
Blanca, G.S., De Vero, J., Garcia, W., Sarmago, R.: Enhanced flux pinning in IR PLD grown Y-doped Bi-2212 films. Phys. C Supercond. 484, 74–76 (2013)
Nane, O., Özç̧elik, B., Abukay, D.: The effects of the post-annealing temperature on the growth mechanism of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+ thin films produced on MgO (100) single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). J. Alloys Compd. 566, 175–179 (2013)
Alami, H., Deville Cavellin, C.: BiSrCaCuO compounds rich in copper synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy structural and electric properties. J. Cryst. Growth 277, 170–174 (2005)
Mori, Z., Doi, T., Kawabata, D., Ogata, K., Takahashi, K., Matsumoto, A., Kitaguchi, H., Hakuraku, Y.: Growth of bi-axially textured Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+ δ (2212) thin films on SrTiO3 substrate by sputtering method. Phys. C Supercond. 468, 1060–1063 (2008)
Wu, K., Wang, Y., Zhitomirsky, I.: Electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 and composite TiO2-MnO2 films using benzoic acid and phenolic molecules as charging additives. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 352, 371–378 (2010)
Chang, J., Jang, E., Sohn, B., Hwang, S., Choy, J.: High- Tc superconducting thin film from bismuth cuprate nano-colloids. Thin Solid Films 495, 78–81 (2006)
Panya, P., Arquero, O., Franks, G., Wanless, E.: Dispersion stability of a ceramic glaze achieved through ionic surfactant adsorption. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 279, 23–35 (2004)
Besra, L., Liu, M.: A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Prog. Mater. Sci. 52, 1–61 (2007)
Bhattacharjee, S., Singh, B.P., Besra, L.: Effect of additives on electrokinetic properties of colloidal alumina suspension. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 254, 95–100 (2002)
Salgin, S., Salgin, U., Bahadir, S.: Zeta potentials and isoelectric points of biomolecules: the effects of ion types and ionic strengths. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7, 12404–12414 (2012)
Singh, B., Bhattacharjee, S., Besra, L., Sengupta, D.: Electrokinetic and adsorption studies of alumina suspensions using Darvan C as dispersant. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 289, 592–6 (2005)
Delgado, A., Gonzȧlez-Caballero, F., Hunter, R.J., Koopal, L.K., Lyklema, J.: Measurement and interpretation of electrokinetic phenomena. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 309, 194–224 (2007)
Birdi, K.: Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry. CRC Press, USA (2003)
Kim, Y.I.: Effects of KCl flux on the morphology, anion composition, and chromaticity of perovskite oxynitrides, CaTaO2N, SrTaO2N, and LaTaON2. Ceram. Int. 40, 5275–5281 (2014)
Gillies, G., Lin, W., Borkovec, M.: Charging and aggregation of positively charged latex particles in the presence of anionic polyelectrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 8626–8633 (2007)
Clark, M.: Transport Modeling for Environmental Engineers and Scientists. Wiley, Hoboken (2009)
Fujino, H., Kasai, Y., Ota, H., Migita, S., Yamamori, H., Matsumoto, K., Sakai, S.: Fabrication and critical currents of thin-film-type Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox intrinsic Josephson junctions. Phys. C Supercond. 362, 256–260 (2001)
Singh, S., Sharma, D., Husain, M., Kishan, H., Kumar, R., Awana, V.: Exploring the superconductors with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In: Kazmiruk, V. (ed.) Scanning Electron Microscopy. InTech (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rosete, M.M., Zosa, M.H. & Sarmago, R.V. Effect of Potassium Chloride as a Supporting Electrolyte on the Dispersion Towards the Fabrication of Films by Electrophoretic Deposition of Bi2Sr2CaCu2 O 8 in Ethanol. J Supercond Nov Magn 30, 1833–1838 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-017-3986-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-017-3986-8