Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

P123 assisted morphology-engineered and hierarchical TiO2 microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic activity

  • Published:
Journal of Porous Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, hierarchical titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspheres with controlled morphology derived from calcination treatment of hierarchical titanate microspheres were fabricated. The obtained hierarchical TiO2 microspheres with diameters of 1 to 2 µm were composed of polycrystalline anatase nanosheets with thickness of 10 nm. The morphology was manipulated by simply adjusting the molar ratio of tetrabutyl titanate/P123. At a low molar ratio of 17.04, TiO2 microspheres composed of a large number of nanosheets closely packed together were obtained. At a high molar ratio of 34.08, TiO2 hybrid architectures with polycrystalline anatase hierarchical microspheres and single-crystal anatase mesoporous (approximately 5 nm) nanospheres were obtained. Investigations on evolution formation revealed that P123 played a key role in the formation of a well-defined hierarchical structure. The photocatalytic performances of the obtained samples were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue and papermaking wastewater. When compared with commercial P25, the obtained hierarchical TiO2 microspheres exhibit superior photocatalytic activity, high degradation efficiency, and good reproducibility. The product with hybrid architectures exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The chemical oxygen demand and the chroma removal rate of papermaking wastewater achieved 85.5 and 100%, respectively, after 12 h of photodegradation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Scheme 1
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. Koziej, A. Lauria, M. Niederberger, Adv. Mater. 26, 235 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H.Z. Zhang, J.F. Banfield, Chem. Rev. 114, 9613 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Z.H. Dong, X.Y. Lai, J.E. Halpert, N.L. Yang, L.X. Yi, J. Zhai, D. Wang, Z.Y. Tang, L. Jiang, Adv. Mater. 24, 1046 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.B.D. Jurisic, Y.H. Leunga, A.M.C. Ng, Mater. Horiz. 1, 400 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Trogadas, V. Ramani, P. Strasser, T.F. Fuller, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 122 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D.F. Rohlfing, A. Zaleska, T. Bein, Chem. Rev. 114, 9487 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Q.Q. Ke, C. Guan, M.R. Zheng, Y.T. Hu, K.H. Ho, J. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 9538 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S.W. Liu, J.G. Yu, M. Jaroniec, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 11914 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. X.B. Chen, L. Liu, P.Y. Yu, S.S. Mao, Science 331, 746 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Sun, G.W. Zhou, Y. Zhang, R.R. Liu, T.D. Li, Chem. Eng. J. 264, 125 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H.S. Liu, Z.H. Bi, X.G. Sun, R.R. Unocic, M.P. Paranthaman, S. Dai, G.M. Brown, Adv. Mater. 23, 3450 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X. Xin, X.F. Zhou, J.H. Wu, X.Y. Yao, Z.P. Liu, ACS Nano 6, 11035 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Z.B. Yang, D.Y. Pan, C. Xi, J.H. Li, J.W. Shi, F. Xu, Z.Q. Ma, J. Power Source 236, 10 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Pandeeswari, R.K. Karn, B.G. Jeyaprakash, Sens. Actuator B 194, 470 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Nakata, A. Fujishima, J. Photoch. Photobio. C 13, 169 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J.S. Lee, K.H. You, C.B. Park, Adv. Mater. 24, 1084 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R.R. Liu, W.J. Guo, B. Sun, J.L. Pang, M.S. Pei, G.W. Zhou, Electrochim. Acta 156, 274 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Sarkar, K.K. Chattopadhyay, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 6, 10044 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Xiao, W.J. Guo, B. Sun, M.S. Pei, G.W. Zhou, Electrochim. Acta 190, 104 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J.H. Cai, Z. Huang, K.L. Lv, J. Sun, K.J. Deng, RSC Adv. 4, 19588 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y. Yang, G.Z. Wang, Q. Deng, D.H.L. Ng, H.J. Zhao, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 6, 3008 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H.R. Kim, K. Choi, J.H. Lee, S.A. Akbar, Sens. Actuators B 136, 138 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C.A. Coutinho, V.K. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 333, 457 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J.G. Yu, Y.R. Su, B. Cheng, Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1984 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.D. Ye, H.Y. Liu, C.J. Lin, Z.Q. Lin, Small 9, 312 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H.W. Bai, Z.Y. Liu, L. Liu, D.D. Sun, Chem. Eur. J 19, 3061 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Z.H. Fan, F.M. Meng, M. Zhang, Z.Y. Wu, Z.Q. Sun, A.X. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci. 360, 298 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Y.D. Liu, A.W. Tang, Q. Zhang, Y.D. Yin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 11327 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Z.Q. Sun, J.H. Kim, Y. Zhao, F. Bijarbooneh, V. Malgras, Y.M. Lee, Y.M. Kang, S.X. Dou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 19314 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. L. Wang, Z.Y. Nie, C.B. Cao, Y.Q. Zhu, S. Khalid, J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 6402 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. X.X. Fu, B.B. Wang, Z.M. Ren, C.Y. Fan, G.D. Qian, Z.Y. Wang, RSC Adv. 4, 42772 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. H.K. Yu, G.R. Yi, J.H. Kang, Y.S. Cho, V.N. Manoharan, D.J. Pine, S.M. Yang, Chem. Mater. 20, 2704 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Eiden-Assmann, J. Widoniak, G. Maret, Chem. Mater. 16, 6 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Q. Yuan, A.X. Yin, C. Luo, L.D. Sun, Y.W. Zhang, W.T. Duan, H.C. Liu, C.H. Yan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 3465 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. C.S. Yang, D.D. Awschalom, G.D. Stucky, Chem. Mater. 14, 1277 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. X.T. Zhang, G.W. Zhou, J. Xu, G.W. Bai, L. Wang, J. Solid State Chem. 183, 1394 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Perez, F. Torrades, J. Peral, C. Lizama, C. Bravo, S. Casas, J. Freer, H.D. Mansilla, Appl. Catal. B 33, 89 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Li, C.Y. Liu, CrystEngComm 12, 2073 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. E.J.W. Crossland, N. Noel, V. Sivaram, T. Leijtens, J.A. Alexander-Webber, H.J. Snaith, Nature 453, 638 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. Nakahira, T. Kubo, C. Numako, Inorg. Chem. 49, 5845 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. G.H. Tian, Y.J. Chen, W. Zhou, K. Pan, C.G. Tian, X.R. Huang, H.G. Fu, CrystEngComm 13, 2994 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. W. Sun, H. Liu, J.C. Hu, J.L. Li, RSC Adv. 5, 513 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. D.V. Bavykin, J.M. Friedrich, F.C. Walsh, Adv. Mater. 18, 2807 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Jitputti, T. Rattanavoravipa, S. Chuangchote, S. Pavasupree, Y. Suzuki, S. Yoshikawa, Catal. Commun. 10, 378 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. C.K. Lee, C.C. Wang, M.D. Lyu, L.C. Juang, S.S. Liu, S.H. Hung, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 316, 562 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. L.Q. Weng, S.H. Song, S. Hodgson, A. Baker, J. Yu, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 26, 1405 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. F.J. Chen, G.W. Zhou, H.J. Chen, B. Sun, Y. Zhang, RSC Adv. 4, 41678 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Y. Ide, Y. Nakasato, M. Ogawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 3601 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. M.R. Allen, A. Thibert, E.M. Sabio, N.D. Browning, D.S. Larsen, F.E. Osterloh, Chem. Mater. 22, 1220 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T. Sasaki, M. Watanabe, H. Hashizume, H. Yamada, H. Nakazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 8329 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Li, R. Ma, Y. Ebina, K. Fukuda, K. Takada, T. Sasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 8000 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. P. Cao, G.W. Zhou, Y.X. Ren, H. Xiao, RSC Adv. 6, 6551 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. R.H. Sui, V. Thangadurai, C.P. Berlinguette, Chem. Mater. 20, 7022 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. J.Y. Liao, B.X. Lei, D.B. Kuang, C.Y. Su, Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 4079 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. J.Y. Liao, J.W. He, H.Y. Xu, D.B. Kuang, C.Y. Su, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 7910 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. H.X. Li, Z.F. Bian, J. Zhu, D.Q. Zhang, G.S. Li, Y.N. Huo, H. Li, Y.F. Lu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 29, 8406 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. C.H. Wu, C.H. Yu, J. Hazard. Mater. 169, 1179 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. H.H. Tseng, W.W. Lee, M.C. Wei, B.S. Huang, M.C. Hsieh, P.Y. Cheng, Chem. Eng. J. 210, 529 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. C.W. Shao, G.W. Zhou, Z.C. Li, Y. Wu, D.L. Xu, B. Sun, Chem. Eng. J. 230, 227 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51372124, 51572134) and the Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, People’s Republic of China

    Shichao Li, Mengmeng Jiang, Xue Shi, Zuohua Liu & Guowei Zhou

Authors
  1. Shichao Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mengmeng Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xue Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zuohua Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Guowei Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guowei Zhou.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOC 2516 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, S., Jiang, M., Shi, X. et al. P123 assisted morphology-engineered and hierarchical TiO2 microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Porous Mater 24, 1425–1436 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-017-0383-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-017-0383-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation