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Response of Sandy Lake in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica to the glacial-interglacial climate shift

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Abstract

Freshwater lakes in Antarctica fluctuate from ice-free state (during austral summer) to ice-cover state (during austral winter). Hence the lakes respond instantly to the seasonal climate of the region. The Antarctic seasons respond sharply to the glacial and interglacial climates and these signatures are archived in the lake sediments. A sediment core from Sandy Lake, a periglacial lake located in Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica records distinct changes in grain-size, C, N, C/N ratios (atomic), δ13COM and δ15NOM contents during the last 36 ky. The contents of the sedimentary organic matter (OM) proxies (Corg ~ 0.3 ± 0.2%, C/N ratios ~9 ± 5 and δ13COM ~−18 ± 6‰) indicate that the OM in this lake sediment is a product of mixing of terrestrial and lacustrine biomass. Distinctly lower contents of Corg (~0.2%) and sand (~50%), low C/N ratios (~8) and depleted δ13COM (~−20‰) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 32–17 ky BP based on Vostok Temperatures) suggest greater internal (autochthonous) provenance of organic matter and limited terrestrial (allochthonous) inputs probably due to long and intense winters in the Antarctic. Such intense winters might have resulted the lake surface to be ice-covered for most part of the year when the temperatures remained consistently colder than the Holocene temperatures. The denitrification within the lake evident by enriched δ15NOM (>10‰) during Antarctic LGM might have resulted from oxygen-limitation within the lake environment caused by insulated lake surface. The gradual increases in δ13COM, C/N and sand content starting at ~11 ky BP and attaining high values (~−11‰, ~10 and ~80% respectively) at ~6 ky BP together suggest a subtle change in the balance of sources of organic matter between algal and macrophyte/bryophyte nearly 8–9 ky later to the beginning of the deglaciation. Thus the seasonal opening-up of the Sandy Lake similar to the modern pattern started with the establishment of the optimum temperature conditions (i.e., 0 °C anomaly) in the Antarctic, prior to which the lake environment might have remained mostly insulated or closed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Secretary, MoES and the Director, ESSO-NCAOR for their encouragement and support under the project “Past Climate and Oceanic Variability”. We are grateful to the NSF-AMS Dating Facility, University of Arizona for providing AMS 14C dates and acknowledge Siddhesh Nagoji - NCAOR for analysis using EA and IRMS. Dr. V. K. Banakar is thanked for his inputs. The authors thank the Logistics Division and members of the 28th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica for their help. Comments and suggestions from the Editor and anonymous reviewers were of considerable help in revising this paper and are greatly appreciated. This is NCAOR contribution no. 18/2017.

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  1. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Earth System Science Organization (ESSO), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Headland Sada, Vasco, Goa, 403804, India

    Badanal Siddaiah Mahesh, Anish Kumar Warrier, Rahul Mohan & Manish Tiwari

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India

    Anish Kumar Warrier

  3. Ocean Sciences Group, Earth and Climate Sciences Area, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Hyderabad, India

    Rajdeep Roy

  4. Geological Survey of India, NH 5P, NIT, Faridabad, New Delhi, 121001, India

    Rajesh Asthana

  5. ESSO, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Prithvi Bhawan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India

    Rasik Ravindra

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Mahesh, B.S., Warrier, A.K., Mohan, R. et al. Response of Sandy Lake in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica to the glacial-interglacial climate shift. J Paleolimnol 58, 275–289 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-017-9977-8

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