Skip to main content
Log in

Polyclonal Antibody Development Against Purified CC-NBS-LRR like Protein Fragment from Mature Lageneria siceraria Seeds and Immunolocalization

  • Published:
The Protein Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) plant proteins are related with highly conserved family of disease resistance protein distinguished by a coiled-coil domain, which plays an important role in innate immunity. The present study reports the purification and identification of CNL like protein fragment (CNL-LPF) by two step chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/MS), respectively. Furthermore, current study also illustrated the development of polyclonal antibody against purified CNL-LPF, which was used for immunolocalization of CNL-LPF in cytoplasm of cotyledon, using Fluorescence microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. Lastly, present study also demonstrates in vitro oligomerization of purified CNL-LPF with multiple bands on 4–10 % gradient native-PAGE; each band representing a small fraction of each oligomer population as evident by immunoblots. In conclusion, the current study deals with the purification and polyclonal antibody development against CNL-LPF.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CNL:

CC-NBS-LRR protein

CNL-LPF:

CNL like protein fragment

PAbs:

Polyclonal antibody

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FM:

Fluorescence microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

PM:

Plasma membrane

References

  1. Meyers BC, Kozik A, Griego A, Kuang H, Michelmore RW (2003) Genome-wide analysis of NBS-LRR–encoding genes in arabidopsis. Plant Cell 15:809–834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Richly E, Kurth J, Leister D (2003) Mode of amplification and reorganization of resistance genes during recent Arabidopsis thaliana evolution. Mol Biol Evol 19:76–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Monosi B, Wisser RJ, Pennill L, Hulbert SH (2004) Full-genome analysis of resistance gene homologues in rice. Theor Appl Genet 109:1434–1447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Głowacki S, Macioszek VK, Kononowicz AK (2011) R proteins as fundamentals of plant innate immunity. Cell Mol Biol Lett 16:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Leister D (2004) Tandem and segmental gene duplication and recombination in the evolution of plant disease resistance gene. Trends Genet 20:116–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Leipe DD, Koonin EV, Aravind L (2004) STAND, a class of P-loop NTPases including animal and plant regulators of programmed cell death: multiple, complex domain architectures, unusual phyletic patterns, and evolution by horizontal gene transfer. J Mol Biol 333:781–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Maekawa T, Kufer TA, Schulze-Lefert P (2011) NLR functions in plant and animal immune systems: so far and yet so close. Nat Immunol 12:817–826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. MacHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW (2006) Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards. Genome Biol 7:212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bernoux M, Ellis JG, Dodds PN (2011) New insights in plant immunity signalling activation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 14:512–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Inohara N, Chamaillard M, McDonald C, Nunez G (2005) NOD-LRR proteins: role in host-microbial interactions and inflammatory disease. Annu Rev Biochem 74:355–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Meyers BC, Dickerman AW, Michelmore RW, Sivaramakrishnan S, Sobral BW, Young ND (1999) Plant disease resistance genes encode members of an ancient and diverse protein family within the nucleotide-binding superfamily. Plant J 20:317–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pan Q, Wendel J, Fluhr R (2000) Divergent evolution of plant NBS-LRR resistance gene homologues in dicot and cereal genomes. J Mol Evol 50:203–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Danot O, Marquenet E, Vidal-Ingigliardi D, Richet E (2009) Wheel of life, wheel of death: a mechanistic insight into signalling by STAND proteins. Structure 17:172–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Venugopal SC, Jeong RD, Mandal MK, Zhu S, Chandra-Shekara AC, Xia Y (2009) Enhanced disease susceptibility1 and salicylic acid act redundantly to regulate resistance gene-mediated signalling. PloS Genet e1000545

  15. Shen QH, Saijo Y, Mauch S, Biskup C, Bieri S, Keller B (2007) Nuclear activity of MLA immunereceptors links isolate- specific and basal disease-resistance responses. Science 315:1098–1103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tameling WI, Nooijen C, Ludwig N, Boter M, Slootweg E, Goverse A, Shirasu K, Joosten MH (2010) RanGAP2 mediates nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of the NB-LRR immune receptor Rx in the Solanaceae, thereby dictating Rx function. Plant Cell 22:4176–4194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Slootweg E, Roosien J, Spiridon LN, Petrescu AJ, Tameling W, Joosten M (2010) Nucleocytoplasmic distribution is required for activation of resistance by the potato NB-LRR receptor Rx1and is balanced by its functional domains. Plant Cell 22:4195–4215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yadav S, Tomar A, Jithesh O, Khan M, Yadav R, Srinivasan A, Singh T, Yadav S (2011) Purification and partial characterization of low molecular weight vicilin-like glycoprotein from the seeds of citrullus lanatu. Protein J 30:575–580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tarr DEK, Alexander HM (2009) TIR-NBS-LRR genes are rare in monocots: evidence from diverse monocot orders. BMC Res Notes 2:197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Drenckhahn D, Jöns T, Schmitz F (1993) Production of polyclonal antibodies against proteins and peptides. Methods Cell Biol 37:7–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Grodzki AC, Berenstein E (2010) Antibody purification: affinity chromatography—protein A and protein G Sepharose. Methods Mol Biol 588:33–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pagnussat L, Burbach C, Baluška F, Canal L (2012) An extracellular lipid transfer protein is relocalized intracellularly during seed germination. J Exp Bot 63:6555–65563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Reyes D, Rodrı´guez D, Lorenzo O, Nicola´s G, Can˜as R, Canto´n FR, Canovas FM, Nicola´ C (2006) Immunolocalization of FsPK1 correlates this abscisic acid-induced protein kinase with germination arrest in Fagus sylvatica L. seeds. J Exp Bot 57:923–929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jackson DP (1992) In situ hybridization in plants. In: Gurr SJ, McPhereson, Bowles DJ, eds. Molecular plant pathology: a practical approach 163–174

  25. Barrasa JM, Gutiérrez A, Escaso V, Guillén F, Martínez MJ, Martínez AT (1998) Electron and fluorescence microscopy of extracellular glucan and aryl-alcohol oxidase during wheat-straw degradation by Pleurotus eryngii. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:325–332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Davis BJ (1964) Ann N Y Acad Sci 121:404–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Scha¨gger H, Cramer WA, von Jagow G (1994) Analysis of molecular masses and oligomeric states of protein complexes by blue native electrophoresis and isolation of membrane protein complexes by two-dimensional native electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 217:220–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Piedras P, Rivas S, Dröge S, Hillmer S, Jones JDG (2000) Functional, c-myc-tagged Cf-9 resistance gene products are plasma-membrane localized and glycosylated. Plant J 21:529–536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rivas S, Romeis T, Jones JDG (2002) The Cf-9 disease resistance protein is present in a ∼420-Kilodalton heteromultimeric membrane-associated complex at one molecule per complex. Plant Cell 14:689–702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Qi D, DeYoung BJ, Innes RW (2012) Structure-function analysis of the coiled-coil and leucine-rich repeat domains of the RPS5 disease resistance protein. Plant Physiol 158:1819–1832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gu L, Guo R (2007) Genome-wide detection and analysis of alternative splicing for nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeats sequences in rice. J Genet Genom 34:247–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gutierrez JR, Balmuth AL, Ntoukakis V, Mucyn TS, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Jones AME, Rathjen JP (2010) Prf immune complexes of tomato are oligomeric and contain multiple Pto-like kinases that diversify effector recognition. Plant J 61:507–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mestre P, Baulcombe DC (2006) Elicitor-mediated oligomerization of the tobacco N disease resistance protein. Plant Cell 18:491–501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is financially supported by Department of Science and Technology (DST), India) under the Women Scientists Scheme (WOS-A). Neha Kumari thanks DST for providing fellowship. We gratefully acknowledge Dr Radhey Shyam Sharma for fruitful discussion and Dr Kalpana Luthra for allowing us to use her laboratory facility during antibody development.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Savita Yadav.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article contain polyclonal antibody development on New Zealand white rabbits. This study was permitted by the AIIMS animal ethics committee (733/IAEC/13).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumari, N., Kumar, R., Mishra, V. et al. Polyclonal Antibody Development Against Purified CC-NBS-LRR like Protein Fragment from Mature Lageneria siceraria Seeds and Immunolocalization. Protein J 35, 379–390 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-016-9683-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-016-9683-9

Keywords

Navigation