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Synthesis, Characterization and Nanocomposite Formation of Poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate) with Nanocrystalline Cellulose

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Abstract

A novel biodegradable polymer based on glycerol, succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride, poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate), poly(GlySAMA), was synthesized by melt polycondensation and tested as a matrix for composites with nanocrystalline cellulose. This glycerol-based polymer is thermally stable as a consequence of its targeted cross-linked structure. To broaden its range of properties, it was specifically formulated with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 wt%, and showed improved mechanical properties with NCC. Specifically, the effect of reinforcement on mechanical properties, thermal stability, structure, and biodegradability was evaluated, respectively, by tensile tests and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray diffraction and respirometry. The neat poly(GlySAMA) polymer proved flexible, exhibiting an elongation-to-break of 8.8 % while the addition of nanowhiskers (at 4 wt%) caused tensile strength and Young’s modulus to increase, 20 and 40 %, respectively. Stiffness improved without significantly decreasing thermal stability as measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Biodegradation tests indicated that all samples were degradable but NCC reduced the rate of biodegradation.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are indebted to Lennard Torres for his assistance with polymerization and Dr. Colleen McMahan for providing her particle size analyzer. Thanks are also due to CNPq (Brazilian research council) for partly supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departmento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMat), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil

    Eliton S. Medeiros

  2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering (BCE), Western Regional Research Center (WRRC), 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA

    Richard D. Offeman, Artur P. Klamczynski, Gregory M. Glenn & William J. Orts

  3. Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Aplicada ao Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Luiz H. C. Mattoso

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  1. Eliton S. Medeiros
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  2. Richard D. Offeman
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  3. Artur P. Klamczynski
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  4. Gregory M. Glenn
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  5. Luiz H. C. Mattoso
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  6. William J. Orts
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Correspondence to William J. Orts.

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Medeiros, E.S., Offeman, R.D., Klamczynski, A.P. et al. Synthesis, Characterization and Nanocomposite Formation of Poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate) with Nanocrystalline Cellulose. J Polym Environ 22, 219–226 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-014-0643-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-014-0643-1

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