Abstract
Despite the growing body of health information available online, patients with limited health literacy may lack either internet access or skills necessary to utilize this information. Nonetheless, patients at all health literacy levels may prefer other primary sources to obtain health information. We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure health literacy of patients attending two clinics in Dallas, TX and determine associations between health literacy, health information access and internet usage before and after controlling for confounders. Patients from both clinics (county N = 265; private N = 233) completed a brief survey which included sociodemographics, internet patterns, confidence in filling out medical forms and a self-administered Newest Vital Sign to measure health literacy. In the county clinic, most patients (61.5 %) were Hispanic, had low income (<$19,000/year), limited education (<11th grade) and a high likelihood or possibility of limited health literacy (68.5 %). In the private clinic, participants were mostly black (40.4 %) or white (38.6 %), had higher incomes (≥$46,000), higher education (technical college or college) and adequate health literacy (75.1 %). The primary source of obtaining health information in both clinics was their health care professional (50.6 % county; 40.1 % private). In multivariate analyses to determine differences by health literacy level, there were no statistically significant differences between patients with limited and adequate health literacy and their primary information source. Regardless of health literacy, patients rely on their health care providers to obtain health information. These results showcase the importance of providers’ effective communication with patients to make shared decisions about their health regardless of other factors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Stewart, M. A. (1995). Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: A review. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 152(9), 1423–1433.
Stewart, M., et al. (1999). Evidence on patient–doctor communication. Cancer Prevention Control, 3(1), 25–30.
Schillinger, D., et al. (2003). Closing the loop: Physician communication with diabetic patients who have low health literacy. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(1), 83–90.
Judson, T. J., Detsky, A. S., & Press, M. J. (2013). Encouraging patients to ask questions: How to overcome “white-coat silence”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 309(22), 2325–2326.
Ong, L. M., et al. (1995). Doctor-patient communication: A review of the literature. Social Science and Medicine, 40(7), 903–918.
Gerber, B. S., & Eiser, A. R. (2001). The patient physician relationship in the Internet age: Future prospects and the research agenda. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 3(2), E15.
Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. (1999). Health literacy: Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281(6), 552–557.
Kutner, M., Greenberg, E., Jin, Y., & Paulsen, C. (2006). The Health literacy of America’s adults: Results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
Berkman, N. D., et al. (2011). Low health literacy and health outcomes: An updated systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(2), 97–107.
Ryan, J. G., et al. (2008). Will patients agree to have their literacy skills assessed in clinical practice? Health Education Research, 23(4), 603–611.
Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality Chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/.
Raine, L. (2010). Internet, broadband and cell phone statistics. Available from: www.pewinternet.org.
Purcell, K. (2011). Search and email still top of the list of most popular online activities (Pew Internet & American Life Project). Available from: www.pewinternet.org.
Fox, S., & Raine, L. (2000). The online health care revolution: How the web helps Americans take better care of themselves. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts.
Fox, S. (2008) The engaged e-patient population (Pew Internet & American Life Project). Available from: www.pewinternet.org.
Cutilli, C. C. (2010). Seeking health information: What sources do your patients use? Orthopaedic Nursing, 29(3), 214–219.
Jensen, J. D., et al. (2010). Utilization of internet technology by low-income adults: The role of health literacy, health numeracy, and computer assistance. Journal of Aging Health, 22(6), 804–826.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Healthy People 2020. Available from: www.healthypeople.gov.
Weiss, B. D., et al. (2005). Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: The newest vital sign. Annals of Family Medicine, 3(6), 514–522.
Shah, L. C., et al. (2010). Health literacy instrument in family medicine: The “newest vital sign” ease of use and correlates. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 23(2), 195–203.
Chew, L. D., et al. (2008). Validation of screening questions for limited health literacy in a large VA outpatient population. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(5), 561–566.
Bass, P. F, 3rd, et al. (2002). Residents’ ability to identify patients with poor literacy skills. Academic Medicine, 77(10), 1039–1041.
Johnson, K., & Weiss, B. D. (2008). How long does it take to assess literacy skills in clinical practice? The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 21(3), 211–214.
VanGeest, J. B., Welch, V. L., & Weiner, S. J. (2010). Patients’ perceptions of screening for health literacy: Reactions to the newest vital sign. Journal of Health Communication, 15(4), 402–412.
Osborn, C. Y., et al. (2007). Measuring adult literacy in health care: Performance of the newest vital sign. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(Suppl 1), S36–S46.
Powers, B. J., Trinh, J. V., & Bosworth, H. B. (2010). Can this patient read and understand written health information? Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(1), 76–84.
Jeppesen, K. M., Coyle, J. D., & Miser, W. F. (2009). Screening questions to predict limited health literacy: A cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes mellitus. Annals of Family Medicine, 7(1), 24–31.
Wallace, L. S., et al. (2006). Brief report: Screening items to identify patients with limited health literacy skills. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(8), 874–877.
Kelly, P. A., & Haidet, P. (2007). Physician overestimation of patient literacy: A potential source of health care disparities. Patient Education and Counseling, 66(1), 119–122.
Penaranda, E., et al. (2012). Evaluation of health literacy among Spanish-speaking primary care patients along the US–Mexico border. Southern Medical Journal, 105(7), 334–338.
Hesse, B. W., et al. (2005). Trust and sources of health information: the impact of the internet and its implications for health care providers: Findings from the first Health Information National Trends Survey. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(22), 2618–2624.
Peterson, N. B., Dwyer, K. A., & Mulvaney, S. A. (2009). Computer and internet use in a community health clinic population. Medical Decision Making, 29(2), 202–206.
Olney, C. A., et al. (2007). MedlinePlus and the challenge of low health literacy: Findings from the Colonias project. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 95(1), 31–39.
Car, J., et al. (2011). Interventions for enhancing consumers’ online health literacy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6):CD007092. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007092.pub2.
Britigan, D. H., Murnan, J., & Rojas-Guyler, L. (2009). A qualitative study examining Latino functional health literacy levels and sources of health information. Journal of Community Health, 34(3), 222–230.
Kountz, D. S. (2009). Strategies for improving low health literacy. Postgraduate Medicine, 121(5), 171–177.
Pagels, P., Kindratt, T, Arnold, D, Brandt, J, Woodfin, G, & Gimpel, N. (2013). Health literacy objective structured clinical exam for family medicine residents. Medical Teacher. 1, Early Online.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the Physician’s Assistant Foundation for providing funding for this project. We would also like to acknowledge Norma Nguyen, MPH and Allison Dobbie, MD for their support and contribution to this project.
Conflict of interest
No conflicts of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gutierrez, N., Kindratt, T.B., Pagels, P. et al. Health Literacy, Health Information Seeking Behaviors and Internet Use Among Patients Attending a Private and Public Clinic in the Same Geographic Area. J Community Health 39, 83–89 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9742-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9742-5