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Biogenic volatile compound emissions from a temperate forest, China: model simulation

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Abstract

Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) were measured using a relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique on an above-canopy tower in a temperate forest (Changbai Mountain, Jilin province, China) during the 2010 and 2011 summer seasons. Solar global radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were also measured. Based on PAR energy dynamic balance, an empirical BVOC emission and PAR transfer model was developed that includes the processes of BVOC emissions and PAR transfer above the canopy level, including PAR absorption and consumption, and scattering by gases, liquids, and particles (GLPs). Simulated emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes were in agreement with observations. The averages of the relative estimator biases for the flux were 39.3 % for isoprene, and 27.1 % for monoterpenes in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons, with NMSE (normalized mean square error) values of 0.133 and 0.101, respectively. The observed and simulated mean diurnal variations of isoprene and monoterpenes in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons were evaluated for the validation of the empirical model. Under observed atmospheric conditions, the sensitivity analysis showed that emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes were more sensitive to changes in PAR than to water vapor content or to the magnitude of the scattering factor. The emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons (from June to September) were estimated using this empirical model along with hourly observational data, with mean hourly emissions of 1.71 and 1.55 mg m−2 h−1 for isoprene, and 0.48 and 0.47 mg m−2 h−1 for monoterpenes in 2010 and 2011, respectively. As formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as the main oxidation product of isoprene and monoterpenes, it is necessary to investigate the link between HCHO and BVOC emissions. GOME-2 HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) can be used to estimate BVOC emission fluxes in the Changbai Mountain temperate forest.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the reviewers for all beneficial comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO. 40975082, 41275137), ESA–MOST China Dragon Cooperation, Dragon 3 project (ID10663), and EU 7 framework programme MarcoPolo (Grant NO. 606953). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. The authors thank all the people for their assistance including S.J. Han, J.H. Zhang, H. Xu, F.Y. Lin, D. Li, G.Z. Song, W. Yan at Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, H.B. Chen, G.C. Wang, X.W. Wan, Y.M. Wu, J.H. Cen, J.Q. Zhang from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors give special thanks to Dr. Alex Guenther and Andrew Turnipseed for their work in our collaboration.

Jianhui Bai has received research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO. 40975082, 41275137), ESA–MOST China Dragon Cooperation, Dragon 3 project (ID10663), and EU 7 framework programme MarcoPolo (Grant NO. 606953).

The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation.

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Jianhui Bai declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Tiffany Duhl declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Nan Hao declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Jianhui Bai

  2. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80307, USA

    Tiffany Duhl

  3. Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Nan Hao

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Bai, J., Duhl, T. & Hao, N. Biogenic volatile compound emissions from a temperate forest, China: model simulation. J Atmos Chem 73, 29–59 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-015-9315-3

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