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Charge correlation of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of (1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–xBaTiO3 lead-free ceramic solid solution

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Abstract

Single phased lead-free (1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–xBaTiO3 (x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12) ((1 − x)NBT–xBT) ceramics were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns and profile refinements revealed that, for 0.04 < x < 0.08, the prepared ceramics have been crystallized in morphotropic phase boundary between rhombohedral to tetragonal structures. The charge distribution and bonding behaviour in (1 − x)NBT–xBT unit cell were completely analyzed through charge density distribution studies. UV–visible analysis reveals that, the optical band gap energy of the solid solution increases with addition of BaTiO3 content. The surface morphology and elemental compositions for the sintered powders were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray studies. Electrical measurements on the solid solutions showed that the maximum values of the dielectric constant, the remnant polarization and the piezoelectric coefficient are reached at near (x = 0.08) the morphotropic phase boundary (ε = 4070 at 100 kHz; P r = 18.92 µC/cm2; d 33  = 122 pC/N). Thus, the (1 − x)NBT–xBT system is expected to be a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric material.

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Acknowledgements

The authors S. Sasikumar and R. Saravanan are thankful to Naval Research Board of DRDO for providing Grant in research project (No. NRB/DRDO/MAT/269). The authors S. Sasikumar and R. Saravanan would like to express their special thanks Dr. T. Mukundan, Material Science Division and Dr. R. Ramesh, Transducers division, NPOL, Cochin. The authors acknowledge the MHRD, Government of India for the multiferroic tester facility under the plan fund sanctioned to the Department of Physics, NIT, Tiruchirappalli. Also, the authors thank to SAIF (Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility), CUSAT, Cochin for the PXRD measurements. The authorities of The Madura College, Madurai – 625 011, Tamil Nadu, India are gratefully acknowledged for their constant encouragement of the research activities of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre and Post Graduate Department of Physics, The Madura College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 011, India

    S. Sasikumar & R. Saravanan

  2. Department of Physics, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Viruthunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626 126, India

    S. Saravanakumar

  3. SSN Research Center, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 110, India

    K. Aravinth

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  1. S. Sasikumar
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Sasikumar, S., Saravanan, R., Saravanakumar, S. et al. Charge correlation of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of (1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–xBaTiO3 lead-free ceramic solid solution. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 9950–9963 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6753-5

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