Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cadmium content-dependent photoluminescent properties and band offsets of Zn1−x Cd x O films

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the Zn1− x Cd x O (x = 0, 1.6, 3.3, and 4.7 %) films were deposited on substrates by the sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), optical absorption and conductivity measurements were used to characterize the films. The carrier concentration (NC) increases with increasing Cd content. The interstitial zinc is the origin of a NC increase. PL measurements are employed to evaluate the effect of Cd content on the energy bandgap and band offset of Zn1− x Cd x O films. It is shown that the incorporation of Cd leads to the reduced energy bandgap and the ratio of conduction band offset and valence band offset is approximately 1:2 for Zn1− x Cd x O samples. In addition, the Stokes’ shift between the absorption and emission is observed. PL can be considered as the reliable tool for evaluating the Cd content-dependent band offsets of Zn1− x Cd x O films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.C. Look, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 80, 383 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. S.J. Pearton, D.P. Norton, K. Ip, Y.W. Heo, T. Steiner, Progress. Mater. Sci. 50, 293 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. X.J. Wang, I.A. Buyanova, W.M. Chen, M. Izadifard, S. Rawal, D.P. Norton, S.J. Pearton, A. Osinsky, J.W. Dong, A. Dabiran, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 151909 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S.K.V. Farahani, V. Muñoz-Sanjosé, J. Zúñiga-Pérez, C.F. McConville, T.D. Veal, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 022102 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. L.B. Duan, X.R. Zhao, J.M. Liu, W.C. Geng, H.N. Sun, H.Y. Xie, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 23, 1016 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L.B. Duan, X.R. Zhao, J.M. Liu, W.C. Geng, C.D. Cao, M.M. Cao, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 24, 2116 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. N. Ueda, H. Maeda, H. Hosono, H. Kawazoe, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 6174 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Th Gruber, C. Kirchner, R. Kling, F. Reuss, A. Waag, F. Bertram, D. Forster, J. Christen, M. Schreck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3290 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A.D. Acharya, S. Moghe, R. Panda, S.B. Shrivastava, M. Gangrade, T. Shripathi, D.M. Phase, V. Ganesan, Thin Solid Films 525, 49 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S.W. Xue, X.T. Zu, W.G. Zheng, M.Y. Chen, X. Xiang, Phys. B 382, 201 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Ghosh, D. Basak, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 023507 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J.H. Kim, Y.C. Hong, H.S. Uhm, Chem. Phys. Lett. 443, 122 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Cho, J. Ma, Y. Kim, Y. Sun, G.K.L. Wong, J.B. Ketterson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 18 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Mohanta, R.K. Thareja, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 084904 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. J.J. Lai, Y.J. Lin, Y.H. Chen, H.C. Chang, C.J. Liu, Y.Y. Zou, Y.T. Shih, M.C. Wang, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 013704 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Sann, J. Stehr, A. Hofstaetter, D.M. Hofmann, A. Neumann, M. Lerch, U. Haboeck, A. Hoffmann, C. Thomsen, Phys. Rev. B 76, 195203 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. C.W. Sun, P. Xin, C.Y. Ma, Z.W. Liu, Q.Y. Zhang, Y.Q. Wang, Z.J. Yin, S. Huang, T. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 181923 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. D.C. Look, G.C. Farlow, P. Reunchan, S. Limpijumuong, S.B. Zhang, K. Nordlund, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 225502 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Ishihara, A. Nakamura, S. Shigemori, T. Aoki, J. Temmyo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 091914 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Y.S. Choi, C.G. Lee, S.M. Cho, Thin Solid Films 289, 153 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. B. Cao, W. Cai, H. Zeng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 161101 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. C.H. Ahn, Y.Y. Kim, D.C. Kim, S.K. Mohanta, H.K. Cho, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 013502 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J.J. Chen, F. Ren, Y.J. Li, D.P. Norton, S.J. Pearton, A. Osinsky, J.W. Dong, P.P. Chow, J.F. Weaver, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 192106 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Makinoa, Y. Segawa, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, R. Shiroki, K. Tamura, T. Yasuda, H. Koinuma, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 9 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Lange, C.P. Dietrich, K. Brachwitz, T. Böntgen, M. Lorenz, M. Grundmann, J. Appl. Phys. 112, 103517 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. H.S. Kang, J.W. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.Y. Lee, Y. Li, J.S. Lee, J.K. Lee, M.A. Nastasi, S.A. Crooker, Q.X. Jia, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 066113 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Contract Nos. 103-2112-M-018-003-MY3 and 100-2112-M-018-003-MY3) in the form of grants.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan

    Jian-Huang Lin & Yow-Jon Lin

Authors
  1. Jian-Huang Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yow-Jon Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yow-Jon Lin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lin, JH., Lin, YJ. Cadmium content-dependent photoluminescent properties and band offsets of Zn1−x Cd x O films. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 26, 5254–5258 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3060-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3060-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation