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Metal nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon hollow spheres by twin polymerization

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Abstract

The formation of silver and gold nanoparticle-encapsulated hollow carbon spheres (HCS) by twin polymerization is reported. Therefore, silica spheres with different diameters (Aerosil® AS90, d = 20 nm; Aerosil® OX50, d = 40 nm; Stöber particles, d = 200 nm) were coated with the metal carboxylates [AgO2C(CH2OCH2)3H] (1) or [(PPh3)AuO2C(CH2OCH2)3H] (2). Thermal treatment of the as-produced templates gave the respective metal nanoparticle-functionalized systems, which were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The plasmon resonance of the surface-bonded particles was determined by using UV–Vis spectroscopy showing absorptions at 412 nm for silver and 524 nm for gold. The metal nanoparticle-modified templates were then coated with a twin polymer layer as result of the acid-catalyzed twin polymerization of 2,2′-spiro-bi[4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline] (3). This coating consists of a phenolic resin and in situ formed silicon dioxide nanoclusters. After carbonization and removal of the SiO2 phase by refluxing with a NaOH solution, the appropriate metal-loaded HCS were obtained. The thus prepared carbon materials were characterized by PXRD, electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. Mainly micro-porous materials (IUPAC type I) were obtained with a surface area between 910 and 1110 m2/g. These HCS materials were used for the catalytic reduction of methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol proving the accessibility of the incorporated M-NPs. A size-dependent influence of the used carbon hull was found.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank T. Jagemann and M. Hiet-schold for SEM imaging of different samples, L. Mertens and M. Mehring for carrying out the powder X-ray diffraction studies and A. Kirillova for preparing the Stöber particles and TEM imaging of the metal nanoparticle-functionalized templates thereof.

Funding

This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant number: FOR 1497, Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites by Twin Polymerization).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany

    C. Schliebe, T. Graske & H. Lang

  2. IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    T. Gemming

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  1. C. Schliebe
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  2. T. Graske
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Correspondence to H. Lang.

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Schliebe, C., Graske, T., Gemming, T. et al. Metal nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon hollow spheres by twin polymerization. J Mater Sci 52, 12653–12662 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1346-5

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