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Understanding damage in polymer-bonded explosive composites

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Abstract

Polymer matrix particulate composites comprise the majority of solid-phase high explosives, and most show considerable deterioration in mechanical properties when damaged. We have quantified this effect in three RDX–HTPB composites by measuring four damage metrics; the change in compressive strength, modulus, thermal conductivity and porosity, with increasing impact strain (the causal metric). This approach was applied to three RDX–HTPB composites containing (a) coarse, (b) fine and (c) both coarse and fine particles. Damage was applied by compression to predetermined levels of strain at strain-rates of the order of 103 s−1. All three materials exhibited deterioration in strength and storage modulus, but only the composites containing coarse particles showed significant changes in porosity or thermal conductivity with increasing specific impact energy. This is because the fine-particle composites mask internal damage by recovering their initial form, the resultant cracks are closed, whereas the coarse particles underwent grain reorientation when impacted and are left open. This last point highlights the difference between active and passive assessments of damage since the former do not change the density or thermal conductivity of the material. The deterioration of secant modulus that results from damage can also be predicted using a simple energy-activation model.

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Acknowledgements

P.J. Gould, P.D. Church and I.G. Cullis of QinetiQ Fort Halstead are thanked for their significant contributions to this research. This research was performed as part of the UK-Energetics HAZARD research programme, funded by the Defence Technology and Innovation Centre, UK MoD. W.G Proud of Imperial College London is thanked for overseeing the initial Cavendish Laboratory research. We are grateful to R. Cornell of the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy and A. Heaver at the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge for carrying out thermal measurements and X-ray tomography, respectively. We also thank staff at the Cavendish Laboratory Mott Workshop for their assistance, and to K. Cox of QinetiQ for producing the formulations. D.M. Williamson would like to thank AWE Aldermaston for financial support.

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  1. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK

    D. R. Drodge & D. M. Williamson

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  1. D. R. Drodge
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  2. D. M. Williamson
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Correspondence to D. M. Williamson.

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Drodge, D.R., Williamson, D.M. Understanding damage in polymer-bonded explosive composites. J Mater Sci 51, 668–679 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7378-6

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