Abstract
Titanium foams were produced by optimizing a relatively cheap method, sintering under flowing high purity argon gas with fugitive space holder. Removal of the space holder was conducted by dissolution in hot deionized water which renders it possible to minimize contamination of titanium. Titanium foams having various densities between 20 and 70% were manufactured and systematically characterized. Pore sizes varying from a few microns up to 2 mm were obtained. Compatibility with well known porosity–mechanical property formulations of cellular solids was investigated. Pore sizes in the investigated range were found to have a negligible effect on the elastic portion of compressive stress–strain diagram. High strain rate tests revealed that increasing the strain rate increases compressive strength of the titanium foams produced. The onset strain of densification of the produced titanium foams was determined by the recently developed energy absorption efficiency method. The energy absorbed per unit volume was then calculated by referring to the pre-determined onset strain of densification. A plot of energy absorbed per unit volume (EA) as a function of relative density (ρ/ρs) at various strains (%ε) suggested that the data could be fitted to an equation of the form EA = A(%ε)B(ρ/ρs)C, where A, B and C are constants, for both fine- and coarse-pored titanium foams.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gibson LG, Ashby MF (1997) Cellular solids, structures and properties, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Banhart J (2002) In: Degischer H-P, Kriszt B (eds) Handbook of cellular metals. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 313
Thelen S, Barthelat F, Brinson LC (2004) J Biomed Mater Res 69A:601
Salimon A, Brechet Y, Ashby MF, Greer AL (2005) J Mater Sci 40:5793. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-4993-x
Balch DK, O’Dawyer JG, Davis GR, Cady CM, Gray GT, Dunand DC (2005) Mater Sci Eng A 391:408
Park C, Nutt SR (2002) Mater Sci Eng A 323:358
Tuncer N, Arslan G (2007) Effect of processing parameters on compressive behavior of Ti foams. In: MetFoam 2007 conference on porous metals and metallic foams proceedings, Montreal, p 287
ASTM designation F67–89 (1994) Standard specification of unalloyed titanium for surgical implants. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Imwinkelried T (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 81:964
Bram M, Schiefer H, Bogdanski D, Köller M, Buchkremer HP, Stöver D (2006) Met Powder Rep 61(2):26
Chichili DR, Ramesh KT, Hemker KJ (1998) Acta Mater 46:1025
Silva MG, Ramesh KT (1997) Mater Sci Eng A232:11
Li QM, Magkiriadis I, Harrigan JJ (2006) J Cell Plast 42:371
Chan KC, Xie LS (2003) Scr Mater 48:1147
Tzeng S-C, Ma W-P (2007) Int J Adv Manuf Technol 32:473
Paul A, Ramamurty U (2000) Mater Sci Eng A 281:1
Firstov SA, Podrezov YN, Lugovoi NI, Slyunyaev VN, Verbilo DG (2000) Powder Metall Met Ceram 39:407
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Scientific Research Commission of Anadolu University for financing this work under the contract number of 040231.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tuncer, N., Arslan, G. Designing compressive properties of titanium foams. J Mater Sci 44, 1477–1484 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3167-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3167-z