Abstract
To fulfill increasing requirements in the manufacturing sector, companies are facing several challenges. Three major challenges have been identified regarding time-to-market, vertical feedback loops, and level of automation. Grafchart, a graphical language aimed for supervisory control applications, can be used from the process-planning phase, through the implementation phase and all the way to the phase for execution of the process control logics, on the lower levels of the automation triangle along the life cycle axis. This work in progress examines that the same process-based engineering approach can be used on the higher levels of the automation triangle along the enterprise axis interconnecting both axes. By splitting the execution engine and the visualization engine of Grafchart various different visualization tools could potentially be used, however connected by the shared Grafchart semantics. Traditional Business languages (e.g. BPMN) could therefore continue to be used for the process-planning phase whereas traditional production languages (e.g. Grafchart or other sequential function charts-like languages) could be used for the execution. Since they are connected through the semantics, advantages regarding the three identified challenges could be achieved: time-to-market could be reduced, the time delays in the vertical feedback loops could be reduced by Key Performance Indicator visualization and eventing, and the level of automation could be increased.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aberdeen Group. (2006). Forrester, 2000. Global manufacturing: MES and beyond renchmark report, May 2006.
Abramovici, M., & Filos, E. (2011). Industrial integration of ICT: Opportunities for international research cooperation under the IMS scheme. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 22, 717–724.
Årzén, K.-E. (1991). Sequential function charts for knowledge-based, real-time applications. In Proceedings of third IFAC workshop on AI in real-time control, Rohnert Park, California.
Bhiri, S., et al. (2008). Semantic web services for satisfying SOA requirements. In Advances in web semantics (Vol. I, pp. 374–395). Berlin: Springer.
Damm, M., Leitner, S.-H., & Mahnke, W. (2009). OPC unified architecture. Berlin: Springer.
DIN 19226–1. (2010). Control technology–part 1: General terms and definitions.
Draft-ISO22400-Part1. (2011). Manufacturing operations management–key performance indicators—part 1: Overview, concepts and terminology, 2011.
Draft-ISO 22400-Part2. (2011). Manufacturing operations management–key performance indicators–part 2: Definitions and descriptions of KPIs, 2011.
Draht, R. (2010). Datenaustausch in der Anlagenplanung mit AutomationML. Heidelberg: Springer.
Forrester research. http://www.forrester.com/.
Giehl, C. (2012). Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur Informationsmodellierung für die nutzer-zentrierte Identifikation entscheidungs-relevanter Daten in der Produktionstechnik. Diplomarbeit: Institute of production automation (pak), University of Kaiserslautern.
Goncharenko, V. (2012). Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur prozessorientierten Planung von automatisierten Produktionsanlagen unter der Verwendung der Modellierungssprache BPMN 2.0. Kaiserslautern. Studienarbeit: University of Kaiserslautern, Institute of production automation (pak).
Gorbach, G., & Nick, R. (2002). In A. Chatha & E. Bassett (Eds.). Collaborative manufacturing management strategies. ARCAdvisory Group.
IEC. (2003). IEC-61131-3 ed2.0. Programmable controllers, part 3: Programming languages. Technical report, International standard, International Electrotechnical Commission.
IEC. (2003). IEC 62264–1. Enterprise-control system integration, part 1: Models and terminology. Technical report. International Electrotechnical Commission.
INCOSE. (2007). Model based systems engineering initiative (MBSE). San Diego, USA: INCOSE.
Johnsson, C. (2008). Graphical languages for business processes and manufacturing operations. Seoul, South Korea: IFAC.
Kiefer, J. (2007). Mechatronikorientierte Planung automatisierter Fertigungszellen im Bereich Karosserierohbau. Saarbruecken, Germany: Schriftenreihe Produktionstechnik Band 43, Saarland University.
Kletti, J., & Schumacher, J. (2011). Die perfekte Produktion: Manufacturing excellence durch short interval technology (SIT). Berlin: Springer.
Loskyll, M. et al. (2011). Semantic service discovery and orchestration for manufacturing processes. In 16th IEEE international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation–2011 (ETFA’2011) Toulouse, France, 2011.
MESA. (2006). Metrics that matter: Uncovering KPIs that justify operational improvements, MESA Internationals.
OMG. (2010). Object management group.
Pohlmann, E.G. (2008). Methodik zur prozessorientierten Planung serviceorientierter Fabriksteuerungssysteme. Fortschritt-Berichte pak 17, Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Rüegg-Stürm, J. (2005). The new st. Gallen management model: Basic categories of an approach to integrated management. Palgrave MacMillan.
Scheer, A.-W., & Cocchi, A. (2006). Prozessorientiertes product lifecycle management. Berlin: Springer.
Theorin, A., Ollinger, L., & Johnsson, C., (2012). Service-oriented process control with Grafchart and the device profile for web services. In 14th IFAC symposium on information control problems in manufacturing, INCOM. Romania, Bucharest. May, 2012.
Wang, R.-C., Chang, Y.-C., & Chang, R.-S. (2009). A semantic service discovery approach for ubiquitous computing. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 20, 327–335.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gerber, T., Theorin, A. & Johnsson, C. Towards a seamless integration between process modeling descriptions at business and production levels: work in progress. J Intell Manuf 25, 1089–1099 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-013-0754-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-013-0754-x