Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An Anthropological Archaeologist: The Contributions of William A. Longacre to Archaeological Theory, Method, and Practice

  • Published:
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Of the “new archaeologists” who developed social models for prehistoric organization, William A. Longacre was a pioneer. Here, we review his contributions and the role he played in expanding archaeological method, theory, and practice. His innovative work in the American Southwest involving ceramic sociology was emulated, critiqued, and extended by several generations of archaeologists. Recognizing the concerns raised by this early work, Longacre developed one of the most successful ethnoarchaeological projects in the world among the Kalinga of northern Luzon in the Philippines. His work and that of his students and colleagues examined multiple, inter-connected aspects of ceramic variability linked to a variety of social, technological, functional, and economic processes. Kalinga data and analyses continue to inform archaeological practices and conclusions. Throughout his career, Longacre mentored archaeologists in both the USA and the Philippines, extending his influence geographically and establishing himself as one of the most important practitioners of processual archaeology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. References to Longacre’s authored and co-authored publications cited here are listed in his bibliography at the end of this essay.

References

  • Abbott, D. R. (2009). Extensive and long-term specialization: Hohokam ceramic production in the Phoenix Basin, Arizona. American Antiquity, 74, 531–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aberle, D. F. (1970). Comments. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Reconstructing prehistoric pueblo societies (pp. 214–224). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adan-Bayetiz, D., Karaski, A., Smilansky, U., Asaro, F., Giauque, R. D., & Lavidor, R. (2009). Differentiation of ceramic chemical element composition and vessel morphology at a pottery production center in Roman Galilee. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36, 2517–2530.

  • Allen, W. L., & Richardson III, J. B. (1971). The reconstruction of kinship from archaeological data: the concepts, the methods, and the feasibility. American Antiquity, 36, 41–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, M., Skibo, J. M., & Stark, M. T. (1991). Use technologies: an ethnoarchaeological study of Kalinga pottery. In P. B. Vandiver, J. Druzik, & G. S. Wheeler (Eds.), Materials issues in art and archaeology (pp. 415–428). Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 185. Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, M., Skibo, J. M., & Stark, M. T. (1994). Production and use technologies in Kalinga pottery. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: expanding archaeological method and theory (pp. 83–112). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, J. W. (2002). Pottery use-alteration as an indicator of socioeconomic status: an ethnoarchaeological study of the Gamo of Ethiopia. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 9, 331–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, J. W. (2003). Brewing beer: status, wealth and ceramic use alteration among the Gamo of South-Western Ethiopia. World Archaeology, 34, 516–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, J. W. (2006). Living with pottery: ethnoarchaeology among the Gamo of Southwest Ethiopia. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, S. J. (1975). Archaeological reconstruction of social structure: a critical evaluation of two examples from the Southwest. Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology, 4, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. E. (2006). Midden ceramic assemblage formation: an ethnoarchaeological case study from Kalinga, Philippines. American Antiquity, 71, 27–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. E. (2007). Midden formation and intrasite chemical patterning in Kalinga, Philippines. Geoarchaeology, 22, 453–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. E. (2009). Counting pots in Kalinga, Philippines: short- and long-term change in household assemblages. Ethnoarchaeology: Journal of Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Experimental Studies, 1, 79–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. E., & Hill Jr., M. E. (2004). Rubbish, relatives, and residence: the family use of middens. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 11, 297–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. E., & Hill Jr., M. E. (2007). Midden ceramics and their sources in Kalinga. In J. M. Skibo, M. W. Graves, & M. T. Stark (Eds.), Archaeological anthropology: perspectives on method and theory (pp. 111–137). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. E., & Neupert, M. A. (2009). Identifying pottery clay from rice fields: an example from southern Luzon, the Philippines. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36, 843–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, L., Petersen, K., & Stein, J. (2007). Anasazi (Pre-Columbian Native-American) migrations during the middle-12th and late 13th centuries—were they drought-induced? Climatic Change, 83, 187–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (1962). Archaeology as anthropology. American Antiquity, 28, 217–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (1965). Archaeological systematics and the study of culture process. American Antiquity, 31, 203–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (1967). Smudge pits and hide smoking: the use of analogy in archaeological reasoning. American Antiquity, 32, 1–12.

  • Binford, L. R. (1968a). Archeological perspectives. In: S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New persepctives on archeology (pp. 5–32). Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.

  • Binford, L. R. (1968b). Post-Pleistocene adaptations. In S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New perspectives in archeology (pp. 313–342). Chicago: Aldine Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (1973). Inter-assemblage variability: the Mousterian and the functional argument. In C. Renfrew (Ed.), The explanation of culture change: models in prehistory (pp. 227–254). London: Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (1989). Styles of style. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 8, 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (2007). Epilogue. In J. M. Skibo, M. W. Graves, & M. T. Stark (Eds.), Archaeological anthropology: perspectives on method and theory (pp. 236–242). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R., & Binford, S. R. (1966). A preliminary analysis of functional variability in the Mousterian of Levallois facies. American Anthropologist, 68, 238–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, S. R., & Binford, L. R. (Eds.) (1968). New perspectives in archeology. Chicago: Aldine Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, R. S., & Lange, F. W. (Eds.) (1991). The ceramic legacy of Anna O. Shepard (pp. 132–153). Niwot: University Press of Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, R. L., Canouts, V., DeAtley, S. P., & Aikins, C. W. (1987). The formation of ceramic analytical groups: Hopi pottery production and exchange, A.C. 1300-1600. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15, 317–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, D.P. (1977). Middle Woodland - (early) late Woodland social change in the prehistoric central midwestern United States. PhD. Dissertation, University of Michigan. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7726210.

  • Braun, D. P. (1995). Style and selection. In C. Carr & J. Neitzel (Eds.), Style, society, and person (pp. 123–141). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brew, J. O. (1971). Review of archaeology as anthropology: a case study. American Anthropologist, 73, 1391–1393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunzel, R. L. (1929). The pueblo potter: a study of creative imagination in primitive art. New York: Courier Dover Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, J., & Gaydarska, B. (2007). Parts and wholes: fragmentation in prehistoric context. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciolek-Torrello, R.S. (1978). A statistical analysis of activity organization: Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. PhD. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7811521.

  • Ciolek-Torrello, R. S., & Reid, J. J. (1974). Change in household size at Grasshopper. The Kiva, 40, 39–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, D. L. (1968). Analytical archaeology. London: Methuen & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conkey, M. W. (1978a). An analysis of design structure variability among Magdalenian engraved bones from northcoastal Spain. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Chicago: University of Chicago.

  • Conkey, M. W. (1978b). Style and information in cultural evolution: toward a predictive model for the Paleolithic. In C. L. Redman, M. J. Berman, E. V. Curtin, W. T. Langhorne Jr., N. M. Versaggi, & J. C. Wanser (Eds.), Social archaeology: beyond subsistence and dating (pp. 61–85). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conkey, M. W. (1980). Context, structure, and efficacy in Paleolithic art and design. In M. J. LeCron Foster & S. H. Brandes (Eds.), Symbol as sense (pp. 225–248). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conkey, M. W. (2006). Style design and function. In C. Tilley (Ed.), Handbook of material culture (pp. 355–372). London: SAGE Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Conkey, M., & Hastorf, C. (Eds.) (1990). Uses of style in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordell, L. (1991). Anna O. Shepard and southwest archaeology: ignoring a cautious heretic. In: R. L. Bishop & F. W. Lange (Eds.), Ceramic legacy of Anna O. Shepard (pp. 132–153). Boulder: University of Colorado Press.

  • Costin, C. L. (1991). Craft specialization: issues in defining, documenting, and explaining the organization of production. Archaeological Method and Theory, 3, 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costin, C. L. (2005). Craft production. In H. Maschner (Ed.), Handbook of methods in archaeology (pp. 1032–1105). Lanham: AltaMira Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, C. (1962). An analysis of pottery design elements indicating possible relationships between three decorated types. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, C. C. Cronin, L. G. Freeman, & J. Schoenwetter (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I (pp. 105–114). Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Chicago: Museum of Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crown, P. (1994). Ceramics and ideology: Salado polychrome pottery. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, N., & Kramer, C. (2001). Ethnoarchaeology in action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, J. S. (1970). Aspects of Tsegi phase social organization: a trial reconstruction. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Reconstructing prehistoric pueblo societies (pp. 140–174). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, J. D. F. (1960). An archaeological approach to kinship change in eighteenth century Arikara culture. PhD. Dissertation: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, J. D. F. (1965). The dynamics of stylistic change in Arikara ceramics. Illinois studies in anthropology 4. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

  • Deetz, J. (1968). The inference of residence and descent rules from archaeological data. In: S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New perspectives in archeology (pp.41–48). Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.

  • Diehl, M. W. (1998). The interpretation of archaeological floor assemblages: a case study from the American southwest. American Antiquity, 63, 617–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dozier, E. P. (1970). Making inferences from the present to the past. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Reconstructing prehistoric pueblo societies (pp. 202–213). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumond, D. E. (1977). Science in archaeology: the saints go marching in. American Antiquity, 42, 330–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnell, R. C. (1978). Style and function: a fundamental dichotomy. American Antiquity, 43, 192–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eberl, M., Álvarez, M., & Terry, R. E. (2012). Chemical signatures of middens at a Late Classic Maya residential complex, Guatemala. Geoarchaeology, 27, 426–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eerkens, J. W., & Bettinger, R. L. (2001). Techniques for assessing standardization in artifact assemblage: can we scale material variability? American Antiquity, 66, 493–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engelbrecht, W. (1971). A stylistic analysis of New York Iroquois pottery. PhD. Dissertation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

  • Engelbrecht, W. (1978). Ceramic patterning between New York Iroquois sites. In I. Hodder (Ed.), The spatial organization of culture (pp. 141–152). London: Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, T. J., & Mills, B. J. (1987). Settlement and growth of Zuni Pueblo: an architectural history. Kiva, 52, 243–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, A. (1970) Current directions in anthropology. Bulletin of the American Anthropological Association, Vol 3, No. 3, Part 2.

  • Flannery, K.V. (1976). Analysis of stylistic variation within and between two communities. In K.V. Flannery (ed.), The early Mesoamerican village (pp. 251-254)). New York: Academic Press.

  • Fowler, K. D., Fayek, M., & Middleton, E. (2011). Clay acquisition and processing strategies during the first millennium A.D. in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa: an ethnoarchaeological approach. Geoarchaeology, 26, 762–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman Jr., L. K. (1962). Statistical analysis of painted pottery types from Upper Little Colorado Drainage. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, C. C. Cronin, L. G. Freeman, & J. Schoenwetter (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I (pp. 87–104). Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman Jr., L. K., & Brown, J. A. (1964). Statistical analysis of Carter ranch pottery. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, L. G. Freeman, J. A. Brown, R. H. Hevly, & M. E. Cooley (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, II (pp. 126–154). Fieldiana: Anthropology 55. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich, M. (1970). Design structure and social interaction: archaeological implications of an ethnographic analysis. American Antiquity, 35, 332–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, R., & Watson, P. J. (1982). A dialogue on the meaning and use of analogy in ethnoarchaeological reasoning. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1, 355–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M.W. (1981). Ethnoarchaeology of Kalinga ceramic design. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 8116813.

  • Graves, M. W. (1982). Breaking down ceramic variation: testing models of White Mountain Redware design style development. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1, 305–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1984). Temporal variation among White Mountain Redware design styles. The Kiva, 50, 3–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1985). Ceramic design variation within a Kalinga village: temporal and spatial processes. In B. Nelson (Ed.), Decoding prehistoric ceramics (pp. 5–34). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1991a). Estimating exterior ring loss on tree-ring specimens from east-central Arizona. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology, 3, 83–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1991b). Pottery production and distribution among the Kalinga: a study of household and regional organization and differentiation. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Ceramic ethnoarchaeology (pp. 112–153). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1994a). Community boundaries in late prehistoric puebloan society: Kalinga ethnoarchaeology as a model for the Southwestern production and exchange of pottery. In W. Wills & R. Leonard (Eds.), Prehistoric community dynamics in the American southwest (pp. 149–170). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1994b). Kalinga social and material culture boundaries: a case of spatial convergence. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: expanding archaeological method and theory (pp. 13–50). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W. (1998). The history of method and theory in the study of prehistoric puebloan pottery style in the American southwest. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 5, 309–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, P.B. (1969). Late Mogollon re-adaptation in east-central Arizona. PhD. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7005244

  • Habicht-Mauche, J., Eckert, S. L., & Huntley, D. L. (Eds.) (2006). The social life of pots: glaze wares and cultural dynamics in the Southwest, AD 1250–1680. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hantman, J.L. (1983). Social networks and stylistic distributions in the prehistoric plateau southwest (Arizona). PhD. Dissertation, Arizona State University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 8315807.

  • Hantman, J. L. (1984). Regional organization of the northern Mogollon. American Archeology, 4, 171–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hantman, J. L., & Plog, S. (1982). The relationship of stylistic similarity to patterns of material exchange. In J. Ericson & T. K. Earle (Eds.), Contexts for prehistoric exchange (pp. 237–226). New York: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hantman, J. L., Lightfoot, K. G., Upham, S., Plog, F., Plog, S., & Donaldson, B. (1984). Cibola Whitewares: a regional perspective. In A. P. Sullivan III & J. L. Hantman (Eds.), Regional analysis of prehistoric ceramic variation: contemporary studies of the Cibola whitewares (pp. 17–35). Anthropological Research Papers 31. Tempe: Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, M. (1977). Individual style in San Jose pottery painting: the role of deliberate choice. In J. N. Hill & J. Gunn (Eds.), The individual in prehistory: studies of variability in style in prehistoric technologies (pp. 109–136). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegmon, M. (1986). Information exchange and integration on Black Mesa, Arizona, A.D. 931–1150. In S. E. Plog (Ed.), Spatial organization and exchange: archaeological survey on northern Black Mesa (pp. 256–281). Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegmon, M. (1989). The styles of integration: ceramic style and Pueblo I integrative architecture in southwestern Colorado. In W. D. Lipe & M. Hegmon (Eds.), The architecture of social integration in the prehistoric pueblos (pp. 125–142). Cortez: Crow Canyon Archaeological Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegmon, M. (1992). Archaeological research on style. Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, 517–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N. (1965). Broken K: a prehistoric society in eastern Arizona. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Chicago: University of Chicago.

  • Hill, J. N. (1966). A prehistoric community in eastern Arizona. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 22, 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N. (1967a). The problem of sampling. In P. S. Martin, W. A. Longacre, & J. N. Hill (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, III (pp. 145–157). Fieldiana: Anthropology 57. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N. (1967b). Structure, function, and change at Broken K Pueblo. In P. S. Martin, W. A. Longacre, & J. N. Hill (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, III (pp. 158–167). Fieldiana: Anthropology 57. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N. (1968). Broken K Pueblo: patterns of form and function. In S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New perspectives in archeology (pp. 103–142). Chicago: Aldine Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N. (1970a). Broken K Pueblo: prehistoric social organization in the American southwest, anthropological papers 18. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  • Hill, J. N. (1970b). Prehistoric social organization in the American southwest: theory and method. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Reconstructing prehistoric pueblo societies (pp. 12–58). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. N. (1985). Style: a conceptual evolutionary framework. In B. A. Nelson (Ed.), Decoding prehistoric ceramics (pp. 362–385). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

  • Hill, J. N., & Gunn, J. (1977). The individual in prehistory: studies of variability in style in prehistoric technologies. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinkes, M.J. (1983). Skeletal evidence of stress in subadults: trying to come of age at Grasshopper pueblo. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1996, 9626502.

  • Hurcombe, L. (2007). Archaeological artefacts as material culture. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jelinek, A. J. (1976). Form, function, and style in lithic analysis. In C. E. Cleland (Ed.), Cultural change and continuity: essays in honor of James Bennett Griffin (pp. 19–33). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. (1972). Problems in “avante garde” archaeology. American Anthropologist, 74, 366–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorge, A., Dias, M. I., & Day, M. (2013). Plain pottery and social landscapes: reinterpreting the significance of ceramic provenance in the Neolithic. Archaeometry, 55, 825–851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidder, A. V., & Shepard, A. O. (1936). The pottery of Pecos volume II: the glaze paint, culinary, and other wares; the technology of Pecos pottery. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M. (1994). Use-alteration analysis of Kalinga pottery: interior carbon deposits of cooking pots. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology (pp. 127–168). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M. (1996). Ethnoarchaeological study on the relationship between vessel form and function. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1996. 9626502.

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, M.P. (1968a). Economic autonomy and social distance: archaeological evidence. PhD. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 6814518.

  • Leone, M. P. (1968b). Neolithic economic autonomy and social distance. Science, 162, 1150–1151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, M. P. (1972). Issues in anthropological archaeology. In M. P. Leone (Ed.), Contemporary archaeology: a guide to theory and contributions (pp. 14–27). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lischka, J. J. (1975). Broken K revisited: a short discussion of factor analysis. American Antiquity, 40, 220–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • London, G. (1991). Standardization and variation in the work of craft specialists. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Ceramic ethnoarchaeology (pp. 182–204). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • López Varela, S. L., Van Gijn, A., & Jacobs, L. (2002). De-mystifying pottery production in the Maya lowlands: detection of traces of use-wear on pottery sherds through microscopic analysis and experimental replication. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29, 1133–1147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malainey, M. E., Przybylski, R., & Sherriff, B. L. (1999). The fatty acid composition of native food plants and animals of western Canada. Journal of Archaeological Science, 26, 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S. (1962a). Preface. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, C. C. Cronin, L. G. Freeman, & J. Schoenwetter (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I (pp. 3–7). Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S. (1962b). Summary. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, C. C. Cronin, L. G. Freeman, & J. Schoenwetter (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I (pp. 210–227). Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S. (1971). The revolution in archaeology. American Antiquity, 36, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., & Plog, F. (1973). The archaeology of Arizona: a study of the southwest region. New York: Natural History Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNiven, I. J. (2013). Ritualized midden practices. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 20, 522–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. R. (2015). Interior carbonization patterns as evidence of ritual drink preparation in Powell Plain and Ramey incised vessels. American Antiquity, 80, 170–183.

  • Mills, B. J. (1989). Integrating functional analysis of vessels and sherds through models of ceramic assemblage formation. World Archaeology, 21, 133–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, B. A. (1985). Reconstructing ceramic vessels and their systemic contexts. In B. Nelson (Ed.), Decoding prehistoric ceramics (pp. 310–330). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, B. A. (1991). Ceramic frequency and use life: a highland Mayan case in cross-cultural perspective. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Ceramic ethnoarchaeology (pp. 162–181). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, B. A., Kohler, T. A., & Kintigh, K. W. (1994). The nature of explanation in archaeology: a position paper. In G. Gumerman & M. Gell-Mann (Eds.), Understanding complexity in the prehistoric southwest (pp. 113–146). MA Addison-Wesley: Reading.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neupert, M. (1994). Strength testing archaeological ceramics: a new perspective. American Antiquity, 59, 709–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neupert, M. (1999). Potters and politics: an ethnoarchaeological study of ceramic manufacture in Paradijon, Gubat, Sorsogon, the Philippines. PhD. dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 9946778.

  • O’Brien, M. J., Lyman, R. L., & Schiffer, M. B. (2005). Archaeology as a process: processualism and its progeny. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogundiran, A. O. (2013). Ceramic spheres and regional networks in the Yoruba-Edo region, Nigeria, 13th–19th centuries A.C. Journal of Field Archaeology, 28, 27–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortman, S. G., Glowacki, D. M., Churchill, M. J., & Kuckelman, K. A. (2000). Pattern and variation in northern San Juan village histories. Kiva, 66, 123–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, W. A. (2006). Tribal boundaries: stylistic variability and social boundary maintenance during the transition to the Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2, 33–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauketat, T. R. (1989). Monitoring Mississippian homestead occupation span and economy using ceramic refuse. American Antiquity, 54, 288–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S. E. (1976). Measurement of prehistoric interaction between communities. In K. V. Flannery (Ed.), The early Mesoamerican village (pp. 255–272). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S.E. (1977). A multivariate approach to the explanation of ceramic design variation. PhD. Dissertation, University of Michigan. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7718096

  • Plog, S. E. (1978). Social interaction and stylistic similarity: a reanalysis. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 1, 143–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S. E. (1980). Stylistic variation in prehistoric ceramics: design analysis in the American southwest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S. E. (1983). Stylistic analysis in archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 12, 125–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S. E. (1984). Regional perspectives on the Western Anasazi. American Archeology, 4, 162–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S. E. (1990). Sociopolitical implications of stylistic variation in the American southwest. In M. W. Conkey & C. A. Hastorf (Eds.), The uses of style in archaeology (pp. 61–72). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plog, S. E. (1995). Paradigms and pottery: the analysis of production and exchange in the American southwest. In B. J. Mills & P. L. Crown (Eds.), The organization of ceramic production in the American southwest (pp. 268–280). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redman, C. L. (1977). The "analytical individual" and prehistoric style variability. In J. N. Hill & J. Gunn (Eds.), The individual in prehistory: studies of variability in style in prehistoric technologies (pp. 41–53). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redman, C. L. (1991). In defense of the seventies—the adolescence of the new archaeology. American Anthropologist, 93, 295–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J. (1971). Grasshopper cornering project, 1971. Tucson: Archives of the Arizona State Museum Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J.J. (1973). Growth and response to stress at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. PhD. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7328786.

  • Reid, J. J. (1978). Response to stress at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. In P. Grebinger (Ed.), Discovering past behavior: experiments in the archaeology of the American southwest (pp. 195–213). New York: Gordon and Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J. (1989). A Grasshopper perspective on the Mogollon of the Arizona mountains. In L. S. Cordell & G. J. Gumerman (Eds.), Dynamics of southwest prehistory (pp. 65–97). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J., & Shimada, I. (1982). Pueblo growth at Grasshopper: methods and models. In W. A. Longacre, S. J. Holbrook, & M. W. Graves (Eds.), Multidisciplinary research at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona (pp. 12–18). Anthropological Papers 40. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J., & Whittlesey, S. M. (1982). Households at Grasshopper pueblo. American Behavioral Scientist, 25, 687–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J., & Whittlesey, S. M. (1990). The complicated and the complex: observations on the archaeological record of large pueblos. In P. E. Minnis & C. L. Redman (Eds.), Perspectives on southwestern prehistory (pp. 184–195). Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J., Schiffer, M. B., & Neff, J. M. (1975a). Archaeological considerations of intrasite sampling. In J. W. Mueller (Ed.), Sampling in archaeology (pp. 209–224). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J., Schiffer, M. B., & Rathje, W. L. (1975b). Behavioral archaeology: four strategies. American Anthropologist, 77, 864–869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, P. (1981). Evolution of specialized pottery production: a trial model. Current Anthropology, 22, 219–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rock, J. T. (1974). The use of social models in archaeological interpretation. The Kiva, 40, 81–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenwig, R. M. (2009). Early Mesoamerican garbage: ceramic and daub discard patterns from Cuauhtémoc, Soconusco, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 16, 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roux, V. (2003). Ceramic standardization and intensity of production: quantifying degrees of specialization. American Antiquity, 68, 768–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, J. R. (1973). Style, function, and artifact variability in Paleolithic assemblages. In C. Renfrew (Ed.), The explanation of culture change (pp. 317–325). London: Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, J. R. (1977). The meaning of style in archaeology: a general model. American Antiquity, 42, 369–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, J. R. (1982). Approaches to style in lithic archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1, 59–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, J. R. (1990). Style and ethnicity in archaeology: the case for isochrestism. In: M. W. Conkey & C. Hastorf (Eds.), The uses of style in archaeology (pp. 32–43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Salmon, W. C. (1967). The foundations of scientific inference. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, M. H. (1976). “Deductive” versus “inductive” archaeology. American Antiquity, 41, 376–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, M. H. (1982). Two models of explanation. In C. Renfrew et al. (Eds.), Theory and explanation in archaeology: the Southampton conference (pp. 35–44). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, M. H., & Salmon, W. C. (1979). Alternative models of scientific explanation. American Antiquity, 43, 174–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, W. C., Jeffery, R., & Greeno, J. (1971). Statistical explanation and statistical relevance. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B. (1972). Archaeological context and systemic context. American Antiquity, 37, 56–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B. (1975). Archaeology as behavioral science. American Anthropologist, 77, 836–848.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B. (1976). Behavioral archeology. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B. (1987). Formation processes of the archaeological record. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B. (1989). Formation processes of Broken K pueblo: some hypotheses. In R. D. Leonard & G. T. Jones (Eds.), Quantifying diversity in archaeology (pp. 37–58). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B., & Skibo, J. M. (1987). Theory and experiment in the study of technological change. Current Anthropology, 28, 595–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B., & Skibo, J. M. (1989). A provisional theory of ceramic abrasion. American Anthropologist, 91, 101–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B., & Skibo, J. M. (1997). The explanation of artifact variability. American Antiquity, 62, 27–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B., Skibo, J. M., Boelke, T. C., Neupert, M. A., & Aronson, M. (1994). New perspectives on experimental archaeology: surface treatments and thermal response of the clay cooking pot. American Antiquity, 59, 197–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlanger, S. H. (1990). Artifact assemblage composition and site occupation duration. In P. E. Minnis & C. L. Redman (Eds.), Perspectives on southwestern prehistory (pp. 103–121). Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlanger, S. H. (1991). On manos, metates, and the history of site occupations. American Antiquity, 53, 460–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenwetter, J. (1962). Pollen analysis of eighteen archaeological sites in Arizona and New Mexico. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, C. C. Cronin, L. G. Freeman, & J. Schoenwetter (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I (pp. 168–209). Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Chicago: Museum of Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaberg, S. F. F. (1964). Some formal relationships among the designs on Snowflake Black-on-White pottery from the Carter Ranch site. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, L. G. Freeman, J. A. Brown, R. H. Hevly, & M. E. Cooley (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, II (pp. 235–241). Fieldiana: Anthropology 55, Appendix B. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, A. O. (1965). Rio Grande glaze ware pottery: a test of petrographic analyses. In F. R. Matson (Ed.), Ceramics and man (pp. 62–87). Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shott, M. J. (1996). Mortal pots: on use life and vessel size in the formation of ceramic assemblages. American Antiquity, 61, 463–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinopoli, C. (1988). The organization of craft production at Vijayanagara, South India. American Anthropologist, 90, 580–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J.M. (1990). Use-alteration of pottery: an ethnoarchaeological and experimental study. PhD. Dissertation, University of Arizona, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 9111967.

  • Skibo, J. M. (1992). Pottery function: a use-alteration perspective. New York: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J. M. (2009). Archaeological theory and snake-oil peddling: the role of ethnoarchaeology in archaeology. Ethnoarchaeology: Journal of Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Experimental Studies, 1, 27–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J. M. (2013). Understanding pottery function. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J. M., & Schiffer, M. B. (1987). The effects of water of processes of ceramic abrasion. Journal of Archaeological Science, 14, 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J.M. & M.B. Schiffer, M.B. (2008). People and things: a behavioral approach to material culture. New York: Springer.

  • Skibo, J. M., Schiffer, M. B., & Kowalski, N. (1989). Ceramic style analysis in archaeology and ethnoarchaeology: bridging the analytical gap. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 8, 388–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J. M., Butts, T. C., & Schiffer, M. B. (1997). Ceramic surface treatment and abrasion resistance: an experimental study. Journal of Archaeological Science, 24, 311–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J. M., Graves, M. W., & Stark, M. T. (Eds.) (2007). Archaeological anthroplogy: perspectives on method and theory. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  • Society for American Archaeology, (2015). Fact sheet—award for excellence in archaeological analysis. http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/Awards/tabid/123/Default.aspx. Accessed April 25, 2016.

  • Stahl, A. B., das Dores Cruz, M., Neff, H., Glascock, M. D., Speakman, R. J., Giles, B., et al. (2008). Ceramic production, consumption and exchange in the Banda Area, Ghana: insights from compositional analyses. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 27, 363–381.

  • Stanislawski, M. B. (1969a). The ethno-archaeology of Hopi pottery making. Plateau, 42, 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanislawski, M. B. (1969b). What good is a broken pot? An experiment in Hopi-Tewa ethnoarchaeology. Southwest Lore, 35, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanislawski, M. B. (1973). Review of archaeology as anthropology: a case study. American Antiquity, 38, 117–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1991a). Ceramic production and community specialization: a Kalinga ethnoarchaeological study. World Archaeology, 23, 64–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1991b). Ceramic change in ethnoarchaeological perspective: a Kalinga case study. Asian Perspectives, 30, 193–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1992). From sibling to suki: social relations and spatial proximity in Kalinga pottery exchange. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 11, 137–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M.T. (1993a). Pottery economics: a Kalinga ethnoarchaeological study. PhD. Dissertation, University of Arizona, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 941069

  • Stark, M. T. (1993b). Re-fitting the cracked and broken façade: a plea for empiricism in the collection and use of ethnoarchaeological data. In A. Sherratt & N. Yoffee (Eds.), Archaeological theory: who sets the agenda? (pp. 81–92). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1994). Pottery exchange and the regional system: a Dalupa case study. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology (pp. 169–198). Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1995). Economic intensification and craft specialization in the Philippines: a view from Kalinga. Research in Economic Anthropology, 16, 179–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1998). Technical choices and social boundaries in material culture patterning: an introduction. In M. T. Stark (Ed.), The archaeology of social boundaries (pp. 1–11). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (1999). Social dimensions of technological choice in Kalinga ceramic traditions. In E. S. Chilton (Ed.), Material meanings: critical approaches to the interpretation of material culture (pp. 24–43). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T. (2003). Current issues in ceramic ethnoarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research, 11, 193–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T., & Heidke, J. M. (1998). Ceramic manufacture, productive specialization, and the Early Classic period in Arizona’s Tonto Basin. Journal of Anthropological Research, 54, 97–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T., Bishop, R. L., & Miksa, E. (2000). Ceramic technology and social boundaries: cultural practices in Kalinga clay selection and use. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 7, 295–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T., & Skibo, J. M. (2007). A history of the Kalinga ethnoarchaeological project. In J. M. Skibo, M. W. Graves, & M. T. Stark (Eds.), Archaeological anthropology: perspectives on method and theory (pp. 93–110). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T., Bowser, B. J, & Horne, L. (2008a). Why breaking down boundaries matters for archaeological research on cultural transmission: an introduction. In M.T. Stark, B.J. Bowser, & L. Horne. (eds.), Cultural transmission and material culture: breaking down boundaries (pp. 1-16). Tucson: University of Arizona Press,

  • Stark, M. T., Horne, L., & Bowser, B. (Eds.) (2008b). Cultural transmission and material culture: breaking down boundaries. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan III, A. P. (1978). Inference and evidence in archaeology: a discussion of the conceptual problems. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 1, 183–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan III, A. P. (1984). Design styles and Cibola Whiteware: examples from the Grasshopper area, east-central Arizona. In A. P. Sullivan III & J. L. Hantman (Eds.), Regional analysis of prehistoric ceramic variation: contemporary studies of the Cibola Whitewares (pp. 74–93). Anthropological Research Papers 31. Tempe: Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan III, A. P. (2007). Archaeological anthropology and strategies of knowledge formation in American archaeology. In J. M. Skibo, M. W. Graves, & M. T. Stark (Eds.), Archaeological, anthropology: perspectives on method and theory (pp. 40–56). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan III, A. P., & Hantman, J. L. (Eds.) (1984). Regional analysis of prehistoric ceramic variation: contemporary studies of the Cibola Whitewares. Anthropological Research Papers 31. Tempe: Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tani, M. K. (1994). Why should more pots break in larger households? Mechanisms underlying population estimates from ceramics. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology (pp. 51–70). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

  • Tani, M., & Longacre, W. A. (1999). On methods of measuring ceramic use-life: a revision of the use-life estimates of cooking vessels among the Kalinga, Philippines. American Antiquity, 64, 299–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trostel, B. (1994). Household pots and possessions: an ethnoarchaeological study of material goods and wealth. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: expanding archaeological method and theory (pp. 209–224). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuggle, H.D. (1970). Prehistoric community relations in east-central Arizona, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7024947.

  • van Keuren, S., Neff, H., & Agostini, M. R. (2013). Glaze-paints, technological knowledge, and ceramic specialization in the fourteenth-century Pueblo southwest. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 32, 675–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VanPool, T. L., & Leonard, R. D. (2002). Specialized ground stone production in the Casas Grandes region of northern Chihuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity, 67, 710–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varien, M. D., & Mills, B. J. (1997). Accumulations research: problems and prospects for estimating site occupation span. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 4, 141–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varien, M. D., & Ortman, S. G. (2005). Accumulations research in the Southwest United States: middle-range theory for big-picture problems. World Archaeology, 37, 132–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varien, M. D., & Potter, J. M. (1997). Unpacking the discard equation: simulating the accumulation of artifacts in the archaeological record. American Antiquity, 62, 94–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vieugué, J., Gomart, I., & Salanova, L. (2010). Les estèques en céramique des potiers néolithiques de l’habitat de Kovaˇcevo (6200-5500 av. J.-C.), Bulgarie. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 107, 709–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. J. (1977). Design analyses of painted pottery. American Antiquity, 42, 381–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. J. (2007). Foreword: the new archaeology and after. In J. M. Skibo, M. W. Graves, & M. T. Stark (Eds.), Archaeological anthropology: perspectives on method and theory (pp. vii–vix). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. J. (2009). Archaeology and anthropology: a personal and professional overview of the past half century. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. J., LeBlanc, S. A., & Redman, C. L. (1971). Explanation in archeology. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whallon, R. Jr. (1966). The Owasco period: a reanalysis. PhD. Dissertation, University of Chicago. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, T-12554.

  • Whallon Jr., R. (1968). Investigation of late prehistoric social organization in New York State. In S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New perspectives in archeology (pp. 223–244). Chicago: Aldine Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittlesey, S.M. (1978). Status and death at Grasshopper pueblo: experiments toward an archaeological theory of correlates. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 7024947.

  • Whittlesey, S. M. (2000). The cradle of death: mortuary practices, bioarchaeology, and the children of Grasshopper pueblo. In K. A. Kamp (Ed.), Children in the prehistoric puebloan southwest (pp. 152–168). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittlesey, S. M., & Reid, J. J. (2001). Mortuary ritual and organizational inferences at Grasshopper pueblo. In D. R. Mitchell & J. L. Brunson Hadley (Eds.), Ancient burial practices in the American southwest (pp. 68–96). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiessner, P. (1983). Style and social information in Kalahari San projectile points. American Antiquity, 48, 253–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiessner, P. (1984). Reconsidering the behavioral basis for style: a case study among the Kalahari San. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 3, 190–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiessner, P. (1990). Is there a unity to style? In M. W. Conkey & C. Hastorf (Eds.), The uses of style in archaeology (pp. 105–112). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, D. R. (1970). Cornering project, 1969. Tucson: Archives of the Arizona State Museum Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, D. R. (1975). A strategy for perceiving social groups in puebloan sites. In P. S. Martin, E. B. W. Zubrow, D. C. Bowman, D. A. Gregory, J. A. Hanson, M. B. Schiffer, & D. R. Wilcox (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, IV (pp. 120–159). Fieldiana: Anthropology 65. Chicago: Museum of Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, D. R. (1982). A set-theory approach to sampling pueblos: the implications of room-set additions at Grasshopper Pueblo. In W. A. Longacre, S. J. Holbrook, & M. W. Graves (Eds.), Multidisciplinary research at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona (pp. 19–27). Anthropological Papers 40. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wobst, H.M. (1977). Stylistic behavior and information exchange. In: C.E. Cleland (ed.), Papers for the director: research essays in honor of James B. Griffin (pp. 317–342). Anthropological Papers 61. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.

  • Wylie, M. A. (1982). An analogy by any other name is just as analogical: a commentary on the Gould-Watson dialogue. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1, 382–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, M. A. (1985). The reaction against analogy. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 8, 63–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

William A. Longacre: Publications and Major Unpublished Materials

  • Longacre, W. A., & Hoffman, M. P. (1958). Architecture of the Pershing Site, Northern Arizona. Ms on file. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P.S., John B. Rinaldo, J.B. & Longacre, W.A. (1960). Documentation for some late Mogollon sites in the upper Little Colorado drainage, eastern Arizona.. Washington, DC and Madison, WI: Society for American Archaeology and the University of Wisconsin Press. Archives of archaeology 6.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1961a). An archaeological survey of the upper Little Colorado drainage of east-central Arizona. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, & W. A. Longacre (Eds.), Mineral Creek site and Hooper Ranch pueblo, eastern Arizona (pp. 147–164). Fieldiana: Anthropology 52. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1961b). A synthesis of the prehistoric cultural sequence of the central Mexican area. Anthropology Tomorrow, 7(1), 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P.S., Rinaldo, J B., & Longacre, W.A., (Eds.), (1961). Mineral Creek site and Hooper Ranch pueblo, eastern Arizona. Fieldiana: Anthropology 52. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldo, J.B., Longacre, W.A., Freeman, L.G. & Martin, P.S. (1961). Documentation for prehistoric investigations in the upper Little Colorado drainage, eastern Arizona, Washington, DC and Madison, WI: Society for American Archaeology and the University of Wisconsin Press. Archives of Archaeology 13.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1962a). Archaeological reconnaissance in eastern Arizona. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, C. C. Cronin, L. G. Freeman, & J. Schoenwetter (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I (pp. 148–167).Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Natural History Museum.

  • Longacre, W.A. (1962b). A synthesis of upper little Colorado prehistory, eastern Arizona. Unpublished Master's paper. Chicago: University of Chicago.

  • Martin, P. S., Rinaldo, J. B., Longacre, W. A., Cronin, C. C., Freeman, L. G., & Schoenwetter, J. (Eds.) (1962). Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, I. Fieldiana: Anthropology 53. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1963). Archaeology as anthropology: a case study. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Chicago: University of Chicago.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1964a). Archaeology as anthropology: a case study. Science, 144, 1454–1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1964b). The ceramic analysis. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, L. G. Freeman, J. A. Brown, R. H. Hevly, & M. E. Cooley (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, II (pp. 110–125). Fieldiana: Anthropology 55. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1964c). Sociological implications of the ceramic analysis. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, L. G. Freeman, J. A. Brown, R. H. Hevly, & M. E. Cooley (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, II (pp. 155–170). Fieldiana: Anthropology 55. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1964d). A synthesis of upper Little Colorado prehistory, eastern Arizona. In P. S. Martin, J. B. Rinaldo, W. A. Longacre, L. G. Freeman, J. A. Brown, R. H. Hevly, & M. E. Cooley (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, II (pp. 201–215). Fieldiana: Anthropology 55. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., Rinaldo, J. B., & Longacre, W. A. (1964a). Documentation for chapters in prehistory of eastern Arizona, II. In Archives of Archaeology 24. Washington, DC and Madison, WI: Society for American Archaeology and the University of Wisconsin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., Rinaldo, J. B., Longacre, W. A., Freeman, L. G., Brown, J. A., Hevly, R. H., et al. (Eds.) (1964b). Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, II. Fieldiana: Anthropology 55. Chicago: Natural History Museum.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1966). Changing patterns of social integration: a prehistoric example from the American southwest. American Anthropologist, 68, 94–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., Hill, J. N., & Longacre, W. A. (1966). Documentation for chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, III. In Archives in Archaeology 27. Washington, DC and Madison, WI: Society for American Archaeology and the University of Wisconsin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. H., & Longacre, W. A. (1966). The University of Arizona archaeological field school at Grasshopper, east-central Arizona. The Kiva, 31, 255–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1967). Artifacts. In P. S. Martin, W. A. Longacre, & J. N. Hill (Eds.), Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, III (pp. 56–125). Fieldiana: Anthropology 57. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. S., Longacre, W. A., & Hill, J. N. (1967). Chapters in the prehistory of eastern Arizona, III. Fieldiana: Anthropology 57. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1968a). Archaeology: research methods. In D. L. Sills (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (Vol. 1, pp. 386–392). London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1968b). Some aspects of prehistoric society in east-central Arizona. In S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New perspectives in archeology (pp. 89–109). Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Ayres, J. E. (1968). Archaeological lessons from an Apache wickiup. In S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), New perspectives in archeology (pp. 151–159). Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1969). Some methodological suggestions from non-urban research in the Southwestern United States. In J. E. Hardoy & R. P. Schaedel (Eds.), El Proceso de urbanización en América desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días/ the urbanization process in America from its origins to the present day (pp. 15–32). Buenos Aires: Editorial del Instituto, Instituto Torcuato Di Tella.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1970a). Archaeology as anthropology: a case study. Anthropological papers 17. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1970b). Current thinking in American archaeology. In: A. Fisher (ed.), Current directions in anthropology, (pp. 126–138). Bulletin of the American Anthropological Association, Vol 3, No. 3, Part 2.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1970c). A historical review. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Reconstructing prehistoric pueblo societies (pp. 1–10). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (Ed.) (1970d). Reconstructing prehistoric pueblo societies. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

  • Longacre, W. A., & Reid, J. J. (1971). Research strategy for locational analysis: an outline. In G. Gumerman (Ed.), The distribution of prehistoric population aggregates (pp. 103–110) . Prescott: Prescott College Press.Anthropological Reports 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1972a). Archaeology as anthropology: a case study. In E. A. Hoebel & J. D. Jennings (Eds.), Readings in anthropology (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Reprint of article published in 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1972b). Archaeology as anthropology: a case study. In M. P. Leone (Ed.), Contemporary archaeology: a guide to theory and contributions (pp. 316–319). Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press Reprint of Longacare 1964a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1972c). Comments on archaeological analysis of prehistoric society. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 5, 7–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1972d). Current directions in southwestern archaeology: a bibliography. NAPS Document 02100. Washington, DC: National Auxiliary Publications Service and American Society for Information Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1972e). Current thinking in American archaeology. In E. A. Hoebel & J. D. Jennings (Eds.), Readings in anthropology (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Reprint of Longacre 1970b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1972f). Foreword. In: Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Anthropological Research Group (pp. v-vi.). Anthropological Reports 3, Prescott: Prescott College Press.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1972g). Sociological implications of the ceramic analysis. In E. Green (Ed.), In search of man, readings in archaeology (pp. 202–212). Boston: Little, Brown, & Company Reprint of Longacre1964c.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., series ed (Eds.) (1972). A tale of two caves, by François Bordes. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Vivian, R. G. (1972). Salvage archaeology: a reply to Gruhn. Science, 178, 811–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1973a). Comment. In C. L. Redman (Ed.), Research and theory in current archaeology (pp. 329–335). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1973b). Current directions in southwestern archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2, 201–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Ayres, J. E. (1973). Lessons from an Apache wickiup. In E. Green (Ed.), In search of man, readings in archaeology (pp. 321–329). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company Reprint of Longacre & Ayres 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1974a). Kalinga pottery making: the evolution of a research design. In M. J. Leaf (Ed.), Frontiers of anthropology (pp. 51–67). New York: D. Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1974b). Models of cultural process; testing hypotheses: suggestions from southwestern archaeology. In C. Moore (Ed.), Reconstructing complex societies--an archaeological colloquium (pp. 29–40). Cambridge: American School of Oriental Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1974c). Some aspects of prehistoric society in east-central Arizona. In: Y. Cohen (ed.), Man in adaptation—the biosocial background, second edition, (pp. 435–444). Chicago: Aldine. (Reprint of Longacre 1968b)

  • Longacre, W. A., series ed (Eds.) (1974a). Lindenmeier: a Pleistocene hunting society by E.N. Wilmsen. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., series ed (Eds.) (1974b). The lost civilization: the story of the classic Maya by T.P. Culbert. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Hill, J. N., Plog, F., Gumerman, G., & Green, D. (1974). SARG: a co-operative approach towards understanding the locations of human settlement. World Archaeology, 6, 107–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Reid, J. J. (1974). The University of Arizona archaeological field school at Grasshopper: eleven years of multidisciplinary research and teaching. The Kiva, 40, 3–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1975). Population dynamics at the Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. In A. C. Swedlund (Ed.), Population studies in archaeology and biological anthropology: a symposium (pp. 71–74). Memoirs 30, Washington, D.C.: Society for American Archaeology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1976a). Foreword. In C. L. Tanner (Ed.), Prehistoric southwestern craft arts. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1976b). Material culture studies. Reviews in Anthropology, 2, 441–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1976c). Paul S. Martin, 1899-1974. American Anthropologist, 78, 90–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1976d). Population dynamics at the Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. In E. B. W. Zubrow (Ed.), Demographic anthropology: quantitative approaches (pp. 169–184). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Graves, M. W. (1976). Probability sampling applied to an early multi-component surface site in east-central Arizona. The Kiva, 41, 277–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1977). Field training in archaeology for the graduate student. In University Museum Studies 10 (pp. 136–143). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1978). Ethnoarchaeology: review essay. Reviews in Anthropology, 5, 357–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1981a). CRM publication: a review essay. Journal of Field Archaeology, 8, 487–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1981b). Kalinga pottery: an ethnoarchaeological study. In I. Hodder, G. Isaac, & N. Hammond (Eds.), Pattern of the past: studies in honour of David Clarke (pp. 49–66). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, M. W., Holbrook, S. J., & Longacre, W. A. (1982a). Aggregation and abandonment at Grasshopper: evolutionary trends in the late prehistory of east-central Arizona. In W. A. Longacre, S. J. Holbrook, & M. W. Graves (Eds.), Multidisciplinary research at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona (pp. 110–122). Anthropological Papers 40, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  • Graves, M. W., Longacre, W. A., & Holbrook, S. J. (1982b). Aggregation and abandonment at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. Journal of Field Archaeology, 9, 193–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Graves, M. W. (1982). Multidisciplinary studies at Grasshopper pueblo. In W. A. Longacre, S. J. Holbrook, & M. W. Graves (Eds.), Multidisciplinary research at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona (pp. 1–4). Anthropological Papers 40, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Holbrook, S. J., & Graves, M. W. (Eds.) (1982a). Multidisciplinary research at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona. Anthropological Papers 40, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Holbrook, S. J., & Graves, M. W. (1982b). Preface. In W. A. Longacre, S. J. Holbrook, & M. W. Graves (Eds.), Multidisciplinary research at Grasshopper pueblo, Arizona (pp. vii–vix). Anthropological Papers 40, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1983). Ethnoarchaeology of the Kalinga, text and 80 color slides. Weston: Pictures of Record.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1985). Pottery use-life among the Kalinga, northern Luzon, the Philippines. In B. A. Nelson (Ed.), Decoding prehistoric ceramics (pp. 334–346). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Kvamme, K. L., & Kobayashi, M. (1988). Southwestern pottery standardization: an ethnoarchaeological view from the Philippines. The Kiva, 53, 101–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. J., Schiffer, M. B., Whittlesey, S. M., Hinkes, M. J., Sullivan, A. P., Downum, C. E., et al. (1989). Perception and interpretation in contemporary southwestern archaeology: comments on Cordell, Upham, and Brock. American Antiquity, 54, 802–814.

  • Kramer, C., &. Longacre, W.A. (Eds.) (1991). Special issue: ethnoarchaeology. Expedition, 33, 1–93.

  • Longacre, W. A. (Ed.) (1991a). Ceramic ethnoarchaeology. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1991b). Introduction. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Ceramic ethnoarchaeology (pp. 1–10). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1991c). Preface. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Ceramic ethnoarchaeology (pp. vii–viii). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1991d). Sources of ceramic variability among the Kalinga, northern Luzon. In W. A. Longacre (Ed.), Ceramic ethnoarchaeology (pp. 95–111). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Skibo, J. M., & Stark, M. T. (1991). Ethnoarchaeology at the top of the world: new ceramic studies among the Kalinga of Luzon. Expedition, 33, 4–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1992a). Cave archaeology: a possible solution for the Tasaday controversy. In T. N. Headland (Ed.), The Tasaday controversy: assessing the evidence (pp. 194–196). Special Publication 28, Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1992b). The perfect marriage: the essential joining of ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology. In: A. Gallay, F. Audouze, & V. Roux (eds.), Ethnoarchéologie: justification, problèmes, limites (pp. 15–24). Actes des XIIe rencontres internationales d’archéologie et d’histoire d’Antibes 17–19 octobre 1991. C Éditions APDCA, Juan-les-Pins.

  • Longacre, W. A., & Stark, M. T. (1992). Ceramics, kinship, and space: an example from the Kalinga. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 11, 125–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, M. T., & Longacre, W. A. (1993). Kalinga ceramics and new technologies: social and cultural contexts of ceramic change. In D. Kingery (Ed.), Ceramics and civilization: the social and cultural contexts of new ceramic technologies VI (pp. 1–32). Westerfield: The American Ceramic Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W.A. (1994). Ceramic ethnoarchaeology in Yunnan Province, China. East Asian Archaeology Network

  • Longacre, W. A., & Skibo, J. M. (Eds.) (1994a). Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: expanding archaeological method and theory. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

  • Longacre, W. A., & Skibo, J. M. (1994b). An introduction to Kalinga ethnoarchaeology. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: expanding archaeological method and theory (pp. 1–12). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neupert, M., & Longacre, W. A. (1994). Informant accuracy in pottery use-life studies: a Kalinga example. In W. A. Longacre & J. M. Skibo (Eds.), Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: expanding archaeological method and theory (pp. 71–82). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1995a). Foreword. In J. E. Reyman (Ed.), The Gran Chichimeca: essays on the archaeology and ethnohistory of northern Mesoamerica (pp. viii–vxii). London: Avebury Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1995b). Why did they invent pottery anyway? In W. K. Barnett & J. W. Hoopes (Eds.), The emergence of pottery: technology and innovation in ancient societies (pp. 277–280). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvamme, K. L., Stark, M. T., & Longacre, W. A. (1996). Alternative procedures for assessing standardization in ceramic assemblages. American Antiquity, 61, 116–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1998). Carter Ranch pueblo Hay Hollow Valley and Paul Sidney Martin. In G. Gibbon (Ed.), Archaeology of prehistoric North America: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing. pp 118-119; 499-500

  • Cordell, L. S., Binford, L. R., Earle, T. K., Johnson, A. W., Longacre, W. A., Preucel, R. W., et al. (1999). James Newlin Hill (1934-1997). American Anthropologist, 101, 385–388.

  • Longacre, W. A. (1999a). Standardization and specialization: what’s the link? In J. M. Skibo & G. Feinman (Eds.), Pottery and people (pp. 44–58). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (1999b). Why did the BAE hire an architect? Journal of the Southwest, 41, 350–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., & Li, Y. (1999). Pottery making villages in southwest China, text and 60 color slides. Weston: Pictures of Record.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2000). Exploring prehistoric social and political organization in the American southwest. Journal of Anthropological Research, 56, 287–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Skibo, J. M., & Stark, M. T. (2000a). Ethnoarchaeology at the top of the world: new ceramic studies among the Kalinga of Luzon. In J. M. Bayman & M. T. Stark (Eds.), Exploring the past: readings in archaeology. Durham: Carolina Academic Press Reprint of article published in 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A., Xia, J., & Yang, T. (2000b). I want to buy a black pot! Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 7, 273–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2001). Ethnoarchaeology. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the behavioral and social sciences (pp. 4842–4846). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B., Skibo, J. M., Griffiths, J. L., Hollenback, K. L., & Longacre, W. A. (2001). Behavioral archaeology and the study of technology. American Antiquity, 66, 729–737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathje, W. L., Lamotta, V. M., & Longacre, W. A. (2002). Archaeology 2001 and beyond: into the black hole. In B. Cunliffe, W. Davies, I. Hodder, C. Renfrew, & A. Snodgrass (Eds.), Archaeology: the widening debate (pp. 497–454). Oxford: The British Academy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2003a). Ethnoarchaeology in the Philippines. Aghamtao, 12. Quezon City: Ugnayang Pang-AghamTao.

  • Longacre, W. A. (2003b). Foreword. Houses and house-life of American aborigines by Lewis Henry Morgan (reprint). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2004a). Modes of ceramic production and distribution: some observations from Philippine ethnoarchaeology. In A. L. Johnson (Ed.), Processual archaeology: exploring analytical strategies, frames of reference, and cultural process (pp. 88–94). Westport: Praeger Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2004b). Pottery of paradise. Sarabihón: A Journal of Sorsogon Studies, 4, 106–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2005). Kalinga ethnoarchaeology: why did we collect the metal pots? In W. G. Solheim II & V. Paz (Eds.), Southeast Asian archaeology: Wilhelm G. Solheim II festschrift (pp. 119–127). Manila: University of the Philippines Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2008). Foreword: cultural transmissions and ceramic sociology. In M. T. Stark, B. Bowser, & L. Horne (Eds.), Cultural transmission and material culture: breaking down boundaries (pp. ix–xii). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2010a). Archaeology as anthropology revisited. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 17, 81–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre, W. A. (2010b). Remembering Walter Taylor. In A. Maca, J. Reyman, & W. Folan (Eds.), Prophet, pariah, and pioneer: Walter W. Taylor and dissension in American archaeology (pp. 197–200). Boulder: University of Colorado Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., Meltzer, D., Borrero, L. A., Read, D., Hunter-Anderson, R., Sabloff, J., et al. (2011). Lewis Roberts Binford (November 21, 1931-April 11, 2011). Journal of Anthropological Research, 67, 321–331.

  • Longacre, W. A., & Hermes, T. R. (2015). Rice farming and pottery production among the Kalinga: new ethnoarchaeological data from the Philippines. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 38, 35–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, J. M., Beck, M. E., & Longacre, W. A. (2017). The “strong case” approach in ethnoarchaeology. In C. Riggs & J. J. Reid (Eds.), The strong case approach. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press In press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Upon the death of Bill Longacre in late 2015, the four of us joined together to honor Bill by describing his professional and intellectual legacies and this paper is an outgrowth of those efforts. Our goal was to identify the role and impact of Longacre’s archaeological and ethnoarchaeological work on the discipline over a period of 50 years. Longacre was an integral part of the changes that ushered in processual archaeology and the development of ethnoarcheology. We wish to thank our two external reviewers for the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Michael O’Brien and Alan Sullivan, for their advice on how to improve the content of the paper and for their close editing of the manuscript. It is vastly improved, although we remain responsible for our rendering and assessment of Longacre’s contributions. We thank Dr. John Olsen who was indispensable in bringing us together to prepare a series of offerings recognizing Longacre’s contributions during what was otherwise a difficult time.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1040, 1 Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Michael W. Graves

  2. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University, Schroeder Hall 332, Normal, IL, 61790-4640, USA

    James M. Skibo

  3. Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 2424 Maile Way, 346 Sanders Hall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Miriam T. Stark

  4. 6509 Birchleigh Way, Alexandria, VA, 22315, USA

    Michael Brian Schiffer

Authors
  1. Michael W. Graves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. James M. Skibo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miriam T. Stark
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael Brian Schiffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael W. Graves.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

ᅟ

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

ᅟ

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Graves, M.W., Skibo, J.M., Stark, M.T. et al. An Anthropological Archaeologist: The Contributions of William A. Longacre to Archaeological Theory, Method, and Practice. J Archaeol Method Theory 23, 990–1022 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-016-9303-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-016-9303-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation