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Differential Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages and Resident Fresh Bone Marrow Cells by Acute Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Contribution of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)

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Abstract

Among the known Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a key sensor for detecting Staphylococcus aureus invasion. But the function of TLR2 during S. aureus infection in different cell populations is unclear. Two different cell subtypes were chosen to study the interaction of S. aureus with TLR2 because macrophages are extremely different from one compartment to another and their capacity to respond to live bacteria or bacterial products differs from one site to another. The contribution of TLR2 to the host innate response against acute live S. aureus infection and heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA) using anti-TLR2 antibody in murine peritoneal macrophages and resident fresh bone marrow cells has been investigated here. TLR2 blocking before infection induces the release of interleukin (IL)-10 by macrophages thereby inhibiting excessive production of oxidants by activating antioxidant enzymes. TLR2-blocked peritoneal macrophages showed impaired release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-6 in response to both live and heat-killed S. aureus infection except bone marrow cells. TLR2-mediated free radical production and killing of S. aureus were modulated by TLR2 blocking in peritoneal macrophages and resident bone marrow cells. This study supported that S. aureus persists in resident bone marrow cells in a state of quiescence.

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Abbreviations

CPCSEA:

Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animal

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FBMCs:

Fresh bone marrow cells

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

HBSS:

Hank’s balanced salt solution

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

NaNO3 :

Sodium nitrate

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

TLR2:

Toll-like receptor 2

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported/funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India [Grant Number: SR/SO/HS/0013/2012, dated 21 May 2013 to Biswadev Bishayi]. The author (BB) is indebted to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for providing the instruments procured under the DST-PURSE programme to the Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta. The Department of Science and Technology, Government of India is also thanked for providing the DST-INSPIRE fellowship to Mrs. Ajeya Nandi [Grant Number: DST INSPIRE FELLOWSHIP/2013/1118, dated 23 June 2014]. The authors remained thankful to Dr Debajit Bhowmick, Ph.D., CU BD COE Manager, of the Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Siksha Prangan affiliated to the University of Calcutta, JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, West Bengal, India for performing the flow cytometry.

Conflict of Interest

All authors declared that they have no conflict of interest. They also state that they do not have a direct financial relation with the commercial identities mentioned in this manuscript that might lead to a conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India

    Ajeya Nandi, Somrita Dey, Julie Biswas, Pooja Jaiswal, Shamreen Naaz, Tamima Yasmin & Biswadev Bishayi

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  1. Ajeya Nandi
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  2. Somrita Dey
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Correspondence to Biswadev Bishayi.

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Nandi, A., Dey, S., Biswas, J. et al. Differential Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages and Resident Fresh Bone Marrow Cells by Acute Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Contribution of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Inflammation 38, 224–244 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-0026-8

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