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A distinct island population of threatened freshwater fish: to split or lump?

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Abstract

Freshwater fishes in the Balkans display high percentages of endemic species, many being limited to restricted distributions. Their management, for example, through identification of priority areas for conservation or through re-introduction, is hampered by a poor understanding of their taxonomic diversity and interrelationships. We evaluate the identity of a sand goby belonging to Knipowitschia, limited to a single wetland on the Greek island of Zakynthos. Its representatives morphologically differ sufficiently from their congeners to qualify as a separate species. However, in view of the similarity in mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences, the evolutionary plasticity of said morphological characters, and in the absence of a taxonomic revision of the Ionian Ecoregion’s Knipowitschia gobies, describing it as a new species seems unjustified and premature. Rather, we advocate that its unique habitus and its vulnerability as the island’s only resident freshwater fish necessitate conservation efforts as a kind of “phenotypically significant unit”. We also propose sand gobies as flagships for wetlands in the region. This case study suggests a possible approach for fish conservation prioritization in the region, taking a precautionary angle in order to avoid taxonomic inflation, which is an imminent risk given the importance of nominal species and endemics in conservation policy.

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Acknowledgements

This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info/) (GB-TAF-2984) which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 Integrating Activities Programme. M.P.M.V. is partly funded by the Czech Science Foundation, Project no. P505/12/G112 (European Centre of Ichthyoparasitology (ECIP)—Centre of excellence). V. Vlami assisted in sampling on Zakynthos and S. Giakoumi and R. Barbieri helped with sample processing and archival at HCMR. The authors cordially thank Dr. A.N. Economou and Dr. M. Van Steenberge for fruitful discussions, Dr. A. Waeschenbach and Dr. D.T.J. Littlewood for advice and support regarding molecular work, the staff of the Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories at the Natural History Museum for their technical support and both anonymous reviewers for their valuable input.

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  1. Maarten P. M. Vanhove

    Present address: Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Avenue, PO Box 712, Anavyssos, 190 13, Greece

    Maarten P. M. Vanhove & Stamatis Zogaris

  2. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Maarten P. M. Vanhove

  3. Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Maarten P. M. Vanhove

  4. Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Marcelo Kovačić

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Vanhove, M.P.M., Kovačić, M. & Zogaris, S. A distinct island population of threatened freshwater fish: to split or lump?. Hydrobiologia 777, 79–93 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2765-z

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