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Requirement of R-SNAREs VAMP721 and VAMP722 for the gametophyte activity, embryogenesis and seedling root development in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Membrane fusion between transport vesicles and target membranes is mediated by SNARE complex, a key regulator of vesicular traffic. A functional SNARE complex consists of four coiled-coil helical bundles supplied by Q-SNARE and R-SNARE. Here, we analyze the Arabidopsis R-SNAREs VAMP721 and VAMP722. Reciprocal crosses indicated that the transmission of vamp721vamp722 allele was slightly reduced through gametophytes of VAMP721 −/− VAMP722 +/− plants and obviously blocked through pollen of VAMP721 +/− VAMP722 −/− plants. The observation of embryogenesis showed that vamp721vamp722 mutations resulted in abnormal embryo morphology, such as embryos with asymmetric developing cotyledons, three developing cotyledons, unfolded cotyledons and roots, and partial arrested embryo development at globular stage. Moreover, double mutant seedlings grew rudimentary roots displaying reduced meristem zone, disorganized QC cells, and disordered cell layer pattern and cell file alignment. Confocal images revealed that VAMP721 and VAMP722 were expressed throughout whole root. Taken together, our results suggest that VAMP721 and VAMP722 are involved in gametophyte transmission, embryo development and seedling root growth in Arabidopsis.

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Abbreviations

DIC:

Differential interference contrast

KN:

KNOLLE

PVC:

Pre-vacuolar compartment

QC:

Quiescent center

SNARE:

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor

TE:

Transmission efficiency

TGN:

trans-Golgi network

VAMP:

Vesicle-associated membrane protein

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300163, 31370219 and 31270225) and Research Start-up Funds (qd12133).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China

    Liang Zhang, Wanchang Li, Tianqi Wang, Fengxia Zheng & Jingyuan Li

  2. Engineering Laboratory of Green Medicinal Material Biotechnology, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China

    Liang Zhang, Wanchang Li & Jingyuan Li

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  1. Liang Zhang
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  2. Wanchang Li
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Correspondence to Jingyuan Li.

Electronic supplementary material

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10725_2015_35_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig. S1. Seedpods collected from Arabidopsis plants with the indicated genotypes. VAMP721 −/− VAMP722 +/− plants showed wild type-looking and double mutant seeds (indicated with asterisks) which showed yellowish appearance and contained aberrant embryos. The abnormal seeds of VAMP721 −/− VAMP722 +/− plants were rescued by incorporation of a genomic fragment containing the VAMP721 gene. Bars = 1 mm. Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 823 kb)

10725_2015_35_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Fig. S2. VAMP721 +/− VAMP722 −/− plants showed abnormal seeds with yellowish appearance (indicated with asterisks). The abnormal seeds of VAMP721 +/− VAMP722 −/− plants were rescued by incorporation of a genomic fragment containing the VAMP722 gene. Bars = 1 mm. Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 405 kb)

10725_2015_35_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Fig. S3. PCR verification of vamp721vamp722 double mutant and complemented double homozygous mutant plants. Lines 1, 2, 4, and 5 are the PCR results of wild type and double mutant using the left genomic primer (LP) plus right genomic primer (RP) of both genes, as indicated. Lines 3 and 6 detect the T-DNA insertions of the double mutant. Supplementary material 3 (TIFF 47 kb)

10725_2015_35_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Fig. S4. The expression levels of VAMP721 and VAMP722 during embryo development from Arabidopsis eFP Browser. Supplementary material 4 (TIFF 37 kb)

10725_2015_35_MOESM5_ESM.docx

Table S1. The segregation analysis of progeny derived from heterozygous double mutants. Supplementary material 5 (DOCX 15 kb)

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Zhang, L., Li, W., Wang, T. et al. Requirement of R-SNAREs VAMP721 and VAMP722 for the gametophyte activity, embryogenesis and seedling root development in Arabidopsis . Plant Growth Regul 77, 57–65 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0035-0

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