Abstract
The oleo-gum resin of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, a pharmacologically important balsamiferous woody shrub, has been used in treating various ailments and disorders since ancient times (2000 B.C.) due to the presence of steroidal compound guggulsterone. Two bioactive isomers of guggulsterone, E and Z, are responsible for lipid- and cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancerous activities. Further, guggul has been approved as food supplement by US-FDA as well as Council of Europe. Indiscriminate harvest of C. wightii from wild with negligible conservation efforts has lead to its inclusion in IUCN assemblage of endangered plant species. For identification of high guggulsterone yielding ecotypes of C. wightii, using high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) analysis, stem samples were collected from 50 plants from eleven locations in arid tracts of Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Dried, powdered material was subjected to extraction with petroleum ether using soxhlet apparatus. Samples were spotted on precoated activated silica plates (60F-254) and were developed using toluene–acetone (9:1 v/v) as mobile phase. The analysis was carried out in the absorbance mode at 250 nm using HPTLC scanner. The regression analysis data for the calibration plots for E and Z guggulsterone showed good linear relationship with R2 = 1 and 0.9897, respectively. Highest concentration of guggulsterone E (284 μg/g dry wt) was found in the accession collected from Palana, Bikaner whereas highest guggulsterone Z concentration (89.5 μg/g dry wt) was found in the accession collected from CAZRI, Jodhpur.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agrawal H, Kaul N, Paradkar AR, Mahadik KR (2004a) HPTLC method for guggulsterone I. Quantitative determination of E- and Z-guggulsterone in herbal extract and pharmaceutical dosage form. J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal 36:33–41
Agrawal H, Kaul N, Paradkar AR, Mahadik KR (2004b) HPTLC method for guggulsterone II. Stress degradation studies on guggulsterone. J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal 36:23–31
Asouti E, Fuller D (2008) Trees and woodlands in South India: archaeological perspectives. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek. ISBN: 978-1598742312, Indian edition, published 2010 by Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi
Barve DM, Mehta AR (1993) Clonal propagation of mature elite trees of Commiphora wightii. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 35:237–244
Council of Europe (1981) Partial agreement in the Social and Public Health Field. Flavouring substances and natural sources of flavourings. List N2, no. 150. Editeur Maisonneuve, Strasbourg SA
Dass S, Ramawat KG (2009) Calcium deprivation markedly enhances guggulsterone accumulation in cell cultures of Commiphora wightii. Curr Sci 96:1022–1024
Dev S (1987) A modern look at an age old Ayurvedic drug guggulu. Sci Age 5:13–18
Dev S (1999) Ancient-modern concordance in Ayurvedic plants: some examples. Environ Health Perspect 107:783–789
FAO (1995) Flavours and fragrances of plant origin. Non-wood forest products 1. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Rome
Fatope MO, Al-Burtomani SKS, Ochei JO, Abdulnour AO, Al-Kindy MZ, Takeda Y (2003) Muscanone: a 3-O-(1′’,8′’14′’-trimethylhexadecanyl)naringenin from Commiphora wightii. Phytochem 62:1251–1255
Kant T, Prajapati S, Parmar A (2010) Efficient micropropagation from cotyledonary node cultures of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, an endangered medicinally important desert plant. J Plant Dev 17:37–48
Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Kalia S, Chaudhury A, Kalia RK (2012) Problems, progress and future prospects of improvement of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, an endangered herbal magic, through modern biotechnological tools—a review. Genet Res Crop Evol 59:1223–1254
Maheshwari DV (2010) Guggul plantation shows good success in Kutch. Find Articles/Business/DNA: Daily News & Analysis, Mumbai
Mann PS, Vyas AK (1996) Effect of sowing date and nitrogen levels on yield, quality and net returns of blonde psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk.). Ann Agric Res New Ser 22:425–428
Mann PS, Vyas AK (1999) Effect of sowing dates and nitrogen levels on growth and nutrient uptake by isabgol (Plantago ovata). Ann Agric Res 20:517–518
Miller JI (1968) Spice trade of the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Mesorb B, Nesbitt C, Misra R, Pandey CR (1998) High performance liquid chromatographic method for fingerprinting and quantitative determination of E- and Z-guggulsterones in Commiphora mukul resin and its products. J Chromatogr 720:189–196
Nayak PS, Upadhyaya SD, Upadhyaya A (2009) A HPTLC densitometeric determination of Sinapic acid in Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum). J Sci Res 1:121–127
Nayak PS, Upadhyaya A, Dwivedi SK, Rao S (2012) HPLC analysis of Sinapic acid in Lepidium sativum. EJEAFChe 11:156–162
Rajpal V (2002) Standardization of botanicals: testing and extraction methods of medicinal herbs, vol 1. Eastern Publishers, New Delhi, pp 83–91
Ramawat KG, Mathur M, Dass S, Suthar S (2008) Guggulsterone: a potent natural hypolipidemic agent from Commiphora wightii—problems, preservence, and prospects. In: Ramawat KG, Merillon JM (eds) Bioactive molecules and medicinal plants. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 101–121
Samantaray S, Bishoyi A, Geetha KA, Satyabrata M (2011) Assessment of genetic diversity using RAPD and ISSR markers in guggul (Commiphora wightii) epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/JMAP/article/download/4390/1725
Satyavati GV, Dwarakanath C, Tripath SN (1969) Experimental studies on the hypocholesterolemic effect of Commiphora mukul Engl. (Guggul). Indian J Med Res 57:1950–1962
Saxena S, Jain DC, Gupta MM, Bhakuni RS, Mishra HO, Sharma RP (2000) High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of hepatoprotective diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata. Phytochem Anal 11:34–36
Shishodia S, Kuzhuvelil B, Harikumar DS, Dass S, Ramawat KG, Aggarwal BB (2008) The Guggul for chronic diseases: ancient medicine, modern targets. Anticancer Res 28:3647–3664
Siddiqui ZM (2011) Guggul: an excellent herbal panacea. Asian J Pharma Health Sci 1:35–39
Soni V, Swarnkar PL, Tyagi V, Pareek LK (2009) Variation in E- and Z-guggulsterone of Commiphora wightii. S Afr J Bot. doi:10.1016/J.SBJB.2009.10.004
Verma N, Singh SK, Gupta RC (1998) Simultaneous determination of the stereoisomers of guggulsterone in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 708:243–248
Yule H, Burnell AC (1886) Hobson-Jobson. The Anglo-Indian dictionary. Digital Dictionaries of South Asia: http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/hobsonjobson/
Acknowledgments
A.K. thankfully acknowledges the financial assistance provided by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, under the project sanctioned vide order no. BT/PR10526/NDB/51/164/2008. A.K. is also thankful to Director, CPB and CIRB for providing the lab facilities for research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulhari, A., Sheorayan, A., Saxena, N. et al. HPTLC analysis of guggulsterone isomers in Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari: an endangered oleo-gum resin species heading towards extinction. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 1173–1180 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9947-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9947-y