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Genetic diversity assessment of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces and improved durum wheat varieties using microsatellites and markers linked with stem rust resistance

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Abstract

A set of 77 markers was used to describe the genetic diversity in a group of 58 tetraploid wheat accessions. Analysis was performed using 31 neutral SSR markers, 31 SSR/STS markers linked with reported major stem rust resistance genes and 15 SSR markers linked with QTL identified for resistance to Ethiopian stem rust races of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. et E. Henn. (Pgt),including Ug99. The material consisted of 32 (Triticum durum s.l. incl. T. aethiopicum Jakubz., Triticum turgidum and Triticum polonicum) landraces and 22 registered T. durum varieties from Ethiopia that were released 1966–2009 and four T. durum varieties from ICARDA. A total of 720 alleles were detected. Considering the three marker sets, the mean number of alleles was higher for major stem rust resistance gene linked markers (9.9) followed by neutral SSR markers (9.2) and markers linked with QTL for stem rust resistance (8.5). Dendrograms derived from UPGMA analysis grouped the accessions into two major clusters. The principal component analysis based on the combination of the three marker sets formed three groups. The 1st group was composed of all the improved varieties, whereas the 2nd and the 3rd group contained the landraces. All the landraces that formed the 3rd group were susceptible to Ethiopian stem rust races of Pgt including Ug99. The information on the extent of the genetic diversity of the improved varieties obtained in this investigation will be helpful for developing appropriate breeding strategies to broadening the genetic base of durum wheat varieties in further breeding programmes.

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Abbreviations

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

BARC:

Beltsville Agriculture Research Centre

CI:

Coefficient of infection

CIMMYT:

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

GS:

Genetic similarity

GWM:

Gatersleben wheat microsatellite

ICARDA:

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

LR:

Landrace

NTSYS:

Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system

PCoA:

Principal coordinate analysis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

Pgt:

Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

PIC:

Polymorphic information content

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RFLP:

Restricted fragment length polymorphism

RIL:

Recombinant inbred line

SAMPL:

Selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci

SR:

Stem rust severity

SSAP:

Sequence specific amplification polymorphism

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

STS:

Sequence tagged site

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average

WMC:

Wheat microsatellite consortium

WMS:

Wheat microsatellites

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for Debre-Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC), Ethiopia, for providing us the Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces and improved varieties. We are also thankful for the assistances provided by technical staff of the Gene and Genome Mapping unit of the Cytogenetics and Genome Analysis Department at Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben and DZARC. The first auther would like to thank German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Institute of IPK and Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) for financially supporting my study and research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany

    Jemanesh K. Haile & Marion S. Röder

  2. Department of Agrobiodiversity, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Kassel, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany

    Karl Hammer

  3. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre-Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 32, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia

    Ayele Badebo

  4. ICARDA, ICARDA BIGM, Durum Improvement Program, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria

    Miloudi M. Nachit

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  1. Jemanesh K. Haile
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  2. Karl Hammer
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  4. Miloudi M. Nachit
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  5. Marion S. Röder
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Correspondence to Jemanesh K. Haile.

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Haile, J.K., Hammer, K., Badebo, A. et al. Genetic diversity assessment of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces and improved durum wheat varieties using microsatellites and markers linked with stem rust resistance. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 513–527 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9855-1

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