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Pullout resistance of single vertical shallow helical and plate anchors in sand

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Abstract

This paper presents analytical models to predict the pullout capacity and the load–displacement relationship for shallow single vertical helical and plate anchors in sand. The models were developed based on the failure mechanism deduced from laboratory testing and utilize the limit equilibrium technique. Expression was given to estimate the critical depth for a given anchor/soil conditions, which separates deep from shallow anchors. Furthermore, the radius of influence of a individual anchor on the ground surface is established, and accordingly, the spacing between anchors can be determined to avoid anchors interactions between anchors. The proposed theory compared well with the theories and the experimental data available in the literature.

Résumé

Cet article présente un model analytique pour prédire la résistance à l’arrachement et la relation charge-diplacement pour les ancrages à vis et plats verticaux superficiels ancrés dans le sable. Le model est basé sur le mécanisme de rupture déduit des essais de laboratoire et utilise la méthode d’analyse à l’équilibre limite. En outre, une expression a été proposé pour éstimer la profondeur critique pour un ancrage donné permettant d’identifier l’ancrage comme superficiel ou profond. Le rayon d’influence d’un ancrage à la surface du sable autour de l’ancrage a été établi, et par conséquent, l’espacement entre ancrages peut être déterminer pour éviter toute interaction. La théorie proposée montre une bonne concordance avec des résultats theoriques et expérimentaux rapports dans la literature.

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Abbreviations

a :

is a constant parameter

a 1 :

slope of the linear representation of load–displacement of anchors

b :

constant

b 1 :

intercept of the straight lines with ordinate axis

B :

diameter of screw anchor

dA :

area of an element of the failure surface

E i :

initial tangent modulus

H :

embedment depth of anchor

K :

a parametric constant

K p ′:

modified coefficient of passive earth pressure

m :

the exponent determining the rate of variation of E i with the ratio H/B

Q :

pullout load on anchor

Q u :

ultimate pullout load

r :

polar coordinate of a given point on the failure surface

R :

radius of influence failure circle on the sand surface

T :

resultant shear force acting on the failure surface

T v :

vertical component of the resultant shearing resistance acting on the sliding surface

W :

weight of sand wedge within the failure

Z :

vertical coordinate of a given point on the failure surface

α:

angle of inclination of the tangent, of a point on the failure surface, with the horizontal

α0 :

the angle made by the curve with the horizontal at Z = 0

α H :

the angle made by the curve with the horizontal at Z = H

Δ:

displacement of anchor

φ:

angle of shearing resistance of sand

γ:

unit weight of the sand

θ:

angle of rotation of the radius of revolution in a horizontal plane

τ:

mobilized shear stress along the failure surface

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Acknowledgments

The financial support from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Concordia University are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 DeMaisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1M8

    Adel Hanna & Tahar Ayadat

  2. Bechtel, 50 Beale Street, San Francisco, CA, 94105-1813, USA

    Mohab Sabry (Project Engineer)

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  1. Adel Hanna
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  2. Tahar Ayadat
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Correspondence to Adel Hanna.

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Hanna, A., Ayadat, T. & Sabry, M. Pullout resistance of single vertical shallow helical and plate anchors in sand. Geotech Geol Eng 25, 559–573 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-007-9129-4

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