Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Combining ability, heterotic patterns and genetic diversity of extra-early yellow inbreds under contrasting environments

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Information on the combining ability, heterotic patterns and genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds is crucial for the success of a hybrid program targeting the stress environments of West Africa (WA). Studies were conducted in 2011 at four locations in Nigeria to (i) determine the combining ability of 20 extra-early yellow inbred lines, (ii) classify the inbred lines into heterotic groups, and (iii) determine the genetic diversity among the lines. General combining ability (GCA) effects were greater than specific combining ability (SCA) effects across test environments suggesting that additive gene action was more important than the nonadditive in the set of inbred lines. The lines were classified into four heterotic groups based on SCA effects, and three groups based on heterotic groups’ specific and GCA, the GCA effects of multiple traits of inbred lines and molecular markers. TZEEI 79, TZEEI 67, and TZEEI 81 were the best inbred testers while TZEEI 95 × TZEEI 79 was the best single-cross tester. TZEEI 88 × TZEEI 66 and TZEEI 96 × TZEEI 73 were identified as ideal hybrids for further testing, promotion for adoption and commercialization in WA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akanvou L, Doku EV, Kling J (1997) Estimates of genetic variances and interrelationships of traits associated with Striga resistance in maize. Afr Crop Sci J 5:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Akaogu IC (2011) Heterotic patterns of extra-early tropical yellow maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds under Striga infestation and drought in Nigeria. M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, p 70

  • Akaogu IC, Badu-Apraku B, Adetimirin VO, Vroh I, Oyekunle M, Akinwale R (2012) Genetic diversity assessment of extra-early maturing yellow maize inbreds and hybrid performance in Striga infested and Striga-free environments. J Agric Sci. doi:10.1017/S0021859612000652

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinwale RO (2012) Evaluation of the heterotic groups of Striga-resistant early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines using diallel analysis and molecular markers. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Nigeria, p 125

  • Badu-Apraku B (2007) Genetic variances and correlations in an early tropical white maize population after three cycles of recurrent selection for Striga resistance. Maydica 52:205–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Oyekunle M (2012) Genetic analysis of grain yield and other traits of extra-early yellow maize inbreds and hybrid performance under contrasting environments. Field Crops Res 129:99–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Fakorede MAB, Menkir A, Kamara AY, Adam A (2004) Effect of drought screening methodology on genetic variances and covariances in Pool 16 DT maize population. J Agric Sci 142:445–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Fakorede MAB, Lum AF (2007a) Evaluation of experimental varieties from recurrent selection for Striga resistance in two extra-early maize populations in the savannas of West and Central Africa. Exp Agric 43:183–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Menkir A, Lum AF (2007b) Genetic variability for grain yield and components in an early tropical yellow maize population under Striga hermonthica infestation. Crop Improv 20:107–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Fakorede MAB, Lum AF, Akinwale R (2009) Improvement of yield and other traits of extra-early maize under stress and nonstress environments. Agron J 101:381–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Lum AF, Akinwale RO, Oyekunle M (2011a) Biplot analysis of diallel crosses of early maturing tropical yellow maize inbreds in stress and nonstress environments. Crop Sci 51:173–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badu-Apraku B, Oyekunle M, Akinwale RO, Lum AF (2011b) Combining ability of early-maturing white maize inbreds under stress and nonstress environments. Agron J 103:544–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker RJ (1978) Issues in diallel analysis. Crop Sci 18:535–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betran FJ, Beck D, Banziger M, Edmeades GO (2003) Genetic analysis of inbred and hybrid yield under stress and nonstress environments in tropical maize. Crop Sci 43:807–817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolaños J, Edmeades GO (1993) Eight cycles of selection for drought tolerance in lowland tropical maize. I. Responses in grain yield, biomass and radiation utilization. Field Crops Res 31:233–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bremner JM, Mulvaney CS (1982) Nitrogen-total. In: Page AL et al. (eds) Methods of siol analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, pp 595–624

  • Dellaporta SL, Wood J, Hicks JB (1983) A plant DNA minipreparation: version II. Plant Mol Bio Rep 1:19–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVries J (2000) The inheritance of Striga reactions in maize. In: Haussmann BJG, Hess DE, Koyama ML, Grivet L, Rattunde HFW, Geiger HH (eds) Proceedings of the International Workshop Orgainsed by IITA on Breeding for Striga Resistance in Cereals. IITA, Ibadan. Magraf Verlag, Weikersheim, pp 73–84

  • Fan XM, Chen HM, Tan J, Liu F, Han XL, Huang YX, Duan ZL (2006) Combining ability of elite protein maize inbreds for grain yield. J Maize Sci 14:12–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan XM, Chen HM, Tan J, Xu CX, Zhang YM, Huang YX, Kang MS (2008) A new maize heterotic pattern between temperate and tropical germplasms. Agron J 100:917–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan XM, Zhang YM, Yao WH, Chen HM, Tan J, Xu CX, Han XL, Luo LM, Kang MS (2009) Classifying maize inbred lines into heterotic groups using a factorial mating design. Agron J 101:106–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gethi JG, Smith ME (2004) Genetic responses of single crosses of maize to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. and Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze. Crop Sci 44:2068–2077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godshalk EB, Lee M, Lamkey KR (1990) Relationship of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to single cross hybrid performance of maize. Theor Appl Genet 80:273–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman MM, Stuber CW (1983) Races of maize: VI. Isozyme variation among races of maize in Bolivia. Maydica 28:169–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffing B (1956) Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Aust J Biol Sci 9:463–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallauer AR, Miranda JB (1988) Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. Iowa State University Press, Ames

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung H-Y, Holland JB (2012) Diallel analysis of resistance to fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in maize. Crop Sci. doi:10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0154

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman KD, Crum CW, Lindsey MF (1982) Exotic germplasms in a corn breeding program. III. Corn Breeders Sch 18:6–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SK (1991) Breeding maize for Striga tolerance and development of a field infestation technique. In: Kim SK (ed) Combating striga in Africa. Proc Int. Workshop organized by IITA, ICRISAT, and IDRC, Aug. 22–24. 1998. Ibadan, Nigeria. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Kim SK (1994) Genetics of maize tolerance of Striga hermonthica. Crop Sci 34:900–907

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SK, Winslow MD (1991). Progress in breeding maize for striga tolerance/resistance at IITA. In: Ransom JK et al. (eds) Proc. of the Fifth Int. Symposium on parasitic weeds, Nairobi, Kenya, 24–30 June, 1991

  • Kroschel J (1999) Analysis of the Striga problem: The first step towards future joint action. In: Kroschel J, Mercher-Quarshie H, Sauerborn J (eds) Advances in parasitic weed control at on farm level, vol 1. Joint action to control Striga in Africa, Margraf, Weikersheim, pp 3–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee M, Godshalk EB, Lamkey KR, Woodman WW (1989) Association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms among maize inbreds with agronomic performance of their crosses. Crop Sci 29:1067–1071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makumbi D, Betrán FJ, Bänziger M, Ribaut J (2011) Combining ability, heterosis and genetic diversity in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) under stress and non-stress conditions. Euphytica 180:143–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCown RL, Keating BA, Probert ME, Jones RK (1992) Strategies for sustainable crop production in semi-arid Africa. Outlook on Agric 21:21–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Melani MD, Carena MJ (2005) Alternative maize heterotic pattern for the northern corn belt. Crop Sci 45:2186–2194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melchinger AE (1999) Genetic diversity and heterosis. In: Coors JG, Pandey S (eds) The genetics and exploitation of heterosis in crops. ASA and CSSA, Madison, pp 99–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkir A, Melake-Berhan A, Ingelbrecht I, Adepoju A (2004) Grouping of tropical mid-altitude maize inbred line on the basis of yield data and molecular markers. Theor Appl Genet 108:1582–1590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkir A, Adetimirin VO, Yallou CG, Gedil M (2010) Relationship of genetic diversity of inbred lines with different reactions to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth and the performance of their crosses. Crop Sci 50:602–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moll RH, Lonnquist JH, Fortuna JV, Johnson EC (1965) The relationship of heterosis and genetic divergence in maize. Genetics 52:139–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odhiambo GD, Ransom JK (1994) Long-term strategies for striga control. In: Jewell DC Waddington SR, Ransom JK and Pixley KV (eds) Maize research for stress environments. Proc. 4th Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Maize Conference, 28 Mar–Apr 1994. CIMMYT, Harare, Zimbabwe

  • Oikeh SO, Horst WJ (2001) Agro-physiological responses of tropical maize cultivars tonitrogen fertilization in the moist savanna of West Africa. In: Horst WJ et al (eds) Plant-nutrition-food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 804–805

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterniani E, Lonnquist JH (1963) Heterosis in interracial crosses of maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Sci 3:504–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pswarayi A, Vivek B (2008) Combining ability amongst CIMMYT’s early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm under stress and non-stress conditions and identification of testers. Euphytica 162:353–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reif JC, Melchinger AE, Xia XC, Warburton ML, Hoisington DA, Vasal SK, Beck D, Bohn M, Frisch M (2003a) Use of SSRs for establishing heterotic groups in subtropical maize. Theor Appl Genet 107:947–957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reif JC, Melchinger AE, Xia XC, Warburton ML, Hoisington DA, Vasal SK, Srinivasan G, Bohn M, Frisch M (2003b) Genetic distance based on simple sequence repeats and heterosis in tropical maize population. Crop Sci 43:1275–1282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute (2001) Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) user’s guide. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaxson L, Riches C (1998) Where once there was grain to burn: a farming system in crisis in eastern Malawi. Outlook on Agric 27:101–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith OS, Smith JSC, Bowen SL, Tenborg RA, Wall SJ (1990) Similarities among a group of elite maize inbreds as measured by pedigree, F1 grain yield, grain yield, heterosis, and RFLPs. Theor Appl Genet 80:833–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasal SK, Srinivasan G, Han GC, Gonzalez FC (1992) Heterotic patterns of eighty-eight white subtropical CIMMYT maize lines. Maydica 37:319–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Vroh BI, Mcmullen MD, Sanchez-Villeda H, Schroeder S, Gardiner J, Polacco M, Soderlund C, Wing R, Fang Z, Coe JREH (2006) Single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion-deletions for genetic markers and anchoring the maize FingerPrint Contig physical map. Crop Sci 46:12–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe DW, Henderson DW, Hsiao TC, Alvio A (1988) Interactive water and nitrogen effects on maize. 11. Photosynthetic decline and longevity of individual leaves. Agron J 80:865–870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia XC, Reif JC, Hoisington DA, Melchinger AE, Frisch M, Warburton ML (2004) Genetic diversity among CIMMYT maize inbred lines investigated with SSR markers. Crop Sci 44:2230–2237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yallou CG, Menkir A, Adetimirin VO, Kling JG (2009) Combining ability of maize inbred lines containing genes from Zea diploperennis for resistance to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Plant Breed 128:143–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan W (2001) GGE biplot: a windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agron J 93:1111–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan W, Kang MS (2003) GGE biplot analysis: a graphical tool for breeders, geneticists, and agronomists. CRC Press, Boca Raton

  • Yan W, Hunt LA, Sheng Q, Szlavnics Z (2000) Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on the GGE biplot. Crop Sci 40:597–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Kang MS, Lamkey KR (2005) DIALLEL-SAS: a comprehensive program for Griffing’s and Gardner-Eberthart analyses. Agron J 97:1097–1106

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture for this study. We are also grateful to the staff of the IITA maize program in Ibadan, Nigeria, for technical assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourne & Co., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR93EE, UK

    B. Badu-Apraku, M. Oyekunle, I. Vroh & M. Aderounmu

  2. Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

    M. A. B. Fakorede & R. O Akinwale

Authors
  1. B. Badu-Apraku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Oyekunle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. A. B. Fakorede
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. I. Vroh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. O Akinwale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Aderounmu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Badu-Apraku.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Badu-Apraku, B., Oyekunle, M., Fakorede, M.A.B. et al. Combining ability, heterotic patterns and genetic diversity of extra-early yellow inbreds under contrasting environments. Euphytica 192, 413–433 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-013-0876-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-013-0876-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation