Abstract
The fertigation effect of distillery effluents concentrations such as 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were studied on Trigonella foenu-graecu (Pusa early bunching) along with control (bore well water). On irrigation of soil with different effluents up to 90 days of harvesting, it was observed that there was a significant effect on moisture content (P < 0.001), EC, pH, Cl − , total organic carbon (TOC), HCO\(_{3}^{-}\), CO\(_{3}^{-2}\), Na + , K + , Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Fe2 + , TKN, NO\(_{3}^{2-}\), PO\(_{4}^{3-}\), and SO\(_{4}^{2-}\) (P < 0.0001) and insignificant effect on WHC and bulk density (P > 0.05).There was no significant change in the soil texture of the soil. Among various concentrations of effluent irrigation, the irrigation with 100% effluent concentration decreased pH (16.66%) and increased moisture content (30.82%), EC(84.13%), Cl − (292.37%), TOC (4311.61%), HCO\(_{3}^{-}\) (27.76%), CO\(_{3}^{-2}\) (32.63%), Na + (273%), K + (31.59%), Ca2 + (729.76%), Mg2 + (740.47%), TKN (1723.32%), NO\(_{3}^{2-}\) (98.02%), PO\(_{4}^{3-}\) (337.79%), and SO\(_{4}^{2-}\) (77.78%), Fe2 + (359.91%), Zn (980.48%), Cu (451.51%), Cd (3033.33%), Pb (2350.00%), and Cr (2375.00%) in the soil. The agronomical parameters such as shoot length, root length, number of leaves, flowers, pods, dry weight, chlorophyll content, LAI, crop yield, and HI of T. foenum-graecum were recorded to be in increasing order at low concentration of the effluent, i.e., from 5% to 50% and in decreasing order at higher effluent concentration, i.e., from 75% to 100% as compared to control. The enrichment factor of various heavy metals was ordered for soil Cd>Cr> Pb>Zn>Cu>Fe and for T. foenum-graecum plants Pb>Cr>Cd>Cu>Zn>Fe after irrigation with distillery effluent.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- BD:
-
Bulk density
- WHC:
-
Water holding capacity
- BIS:
-
Bureau of Indian standards
- BWW:
-
Bore well water
- CD:
-
Critical difference
- EC:
-
Electrical conductivity
- HI:
-
Harvest index
- LAI:
-
Leaf area index
- MPN:
-
Most probable numbers
- SPC:
-
SPC
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Vinod Kumar, Chopra, A.K. Fertigation effect of distillery effluent on agronomical practices of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek). Environ Monit Assess 184, 1207–1219 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2033-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2033-7