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Analysis of genetic and virulence variability of Stemphylium lycopersici associated with leaf spot of vegetable crops

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Abstract

Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamam was initially described from tomato and has been reported to infect different hosts worldwide. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2, including 5.8S rDNA (ITS-5.8S rDNA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), as well as virulence studies were conducted to analyze 46 S. lycopersici isolates. Stemphylium lycopersici isolates used in this study were obtained from diseased tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) from major vegetable growing regions of Malaysia, including the three states of Pahang, Johor and Selangor between 2011 and 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of the ITS-5.8S rDNA and gpd regions indicated that all isolates were clustered in the sub-cluster that comprised S. lycopersici, and were distinguished from other Stemphylium species. Cluster analyses using the UPGMA method for both RAPD and ISSR markers grouped S. lycopersici isolates into three main clusters with similarity index values of 67 and 68 %. The genetic diversity data confirmed that isolates of S. lycopersici are in concordance to host plants, and not geographical origin of the isolates. All S. lycopersici isolates were pathogenic on their original host plants and showed leaf spot symptoms; however, virulence variability was observed among the isolates. In cross-inoculation assays, the representative isolates were able to cause leaf spot symptoms on eggplant, pepper, lettuce and tomato, but not on cabbage.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) for kind collaboration in this study. We acknowledge Laboratory assistants and co-workers in the Plant Protection Department of University of Putra Malaysia (UPM) for valuable field trip arrangements and assistance during field samplings.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Abbas Nasehi, Jugah-Bin Kadir, Farnaz Abed-Ashtiani, Mui-Yun Wong & Elham Golkhandan

  2. Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran

    Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani

  3. Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Mui-Yun Wong

  4. Laboratory of biodiversity and conservation Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Siti-Khadijah Rambe

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  1. Abbas Nasehi
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Nasehi, A., Kadir, JB., Nasr-Esfahani, M. et al. Analysis of genetic and virulence variability of Stemphylium lycopersici associated with leaf spot of vegetable crops. Eur J Plant Pathol 140, 261–273 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0460-3

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