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Associations of adherence to the New Nordic Diet with risk of preeclampsia and preterm delivery in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

  • NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Abstract

Preeclampsia and preterm delivery are serious complications of pregnancy and leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Dietary factors might be associated with these adverse outcomes. We investigated whether adherence to the New Nordic Diet (NND) was associated with preeclampsia and preterm delivery risks in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Participants were recruited from all over Norway during the period 1999–2008. A previously constructed diet score assessing meal frequency, and the consumption of Nordic fruits, root vegetables, cabbages, potatoes, oatmeal porridge, whole grains, wild fish, game, berries, milk and water, was used to assess NND adherence. Associations between NND adherence and the outcomes were estimated in adjusted multivariate logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 72,072 women was included in the study. High versus low NND adherence was associated with lower risk of total preeclampsia (OR 0.86; 95 % CI 0.78–0.95) and early preeclampsia (OR 0.71; 95 % CI 0.52–0.96). High compared with low NND adherence was associated with a lower risk of spontaneous preterm delivery among nulliparous women (OR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.66–0.89), whereas multiparous women with high NND adherence had a marginally significant higher risk of preterm delivery (OR 1.24; 95 % CI 1.00–1.53). High NND adherence was associated with a lower relative risk of preeclampsia and of spontaneous preterm delivery among nulliparous women; however, among multiparous women there was a higher relative risk of preterm delivery.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who took part in this ongoing cohort study. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study was supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education and Research; the USA National Institute of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (Contract No. N01-ES-75558), the USA NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (Grant No. 1 UO1 NS 047537-01 and Grant No. 2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1), and the Norwegian Research Council/FUGE (Grant No. 151918/S10). This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA. The present study was funded by the University of Agder, Norway. None of the funders had any role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway

    Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund, Nina C. Øverby & Elling Bere

  2. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

    Quaker E. Harmon

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Stephanie M. Engel

  4. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Kari Klungsøyr

  5. Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

    Margaretha Haugen

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  1. Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund
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Correspondence to Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund.

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Hillesund, E.R., Øverby, N.C., Engel, S.M. et al. Associations of adherence to the New Nordic Diet with risk of preeclampsia and preterm delivery in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Eur J Epidemiol 29, 753–765 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9948-6

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