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Spatial variations of bacterial community and its relationship with water chemistry in Sanya Bay, South China Sea as determined by DGGE fingerprinting and multivariate analysis

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Abstract

Bacteria play important roles in the structure and function of marine food webs by utilizing nutrients and degrading the pollutants, and their distribution are determined by surrounding water chemistry to a certain extent. It is vital to investigate the bacterial community’s structure and identifying the significant factors by controlling the bacterial distribution in the paper. Flow cytometry showed that the total bacterial abundance ranged from 5.27 × 105 to 3.77 × 106 cells/mL. Molecular fingerprinting technique, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) followed by DNA sequencing has been employed to investigate the bacterial community composition. The results were then interpreted through multivariate statistical analysis and tended to explain its relationship to the environmental factors. A total of 270 bands at 83 different positions were detected in DGGE profiles and 29 distinct DGGE bands were sequenced. The predominant bacteria were related to Phyla Protebacteria species (31 %, nine sequences), Cyanobacteria (37.9 %, eleven sequences) and Actinobacteria (17.2 %, five sequences). Other phylogenetic groups identified including Firmicutes (6.9 %, two sequences), Bacteroidetes (3.5 %, one sequences) and Verrucomicrobia (3.5 %, one sequences). Conical correspondence analysis was used to elucidate the relationships between the bacterial community compositions and environmental factors. The results showed that the spatial variations in the bacterial community composition was significantly related to phosphate (P = 0.002, P < 0.01), dissolved organic carbon (P = 0.004, P < 0.01), chemical oxygen demand (P = 0.010, P < 0.05) and nitrite (P = 0.016, P < 0.05). This study revealed the spatial variations of bacterial community and significant environmental factors driving the bacterial composition shift. These results may be valuable for further investigation on the functional microbial structure and expression quantitatively under the polluted environments in the world.

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Acknowledgments

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41406191, 41276113, 41276114 and 41430966), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2012AA092104, 2013AA092901 and 2013AA092902), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11020202), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SQ201218), the Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration (201211 and 201304), MEL Young Scientist Visiting Fellowship of State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University (MELRS1221), Science and technology cooperation projects of Sanya (2013YD74).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest associated with this publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China

    Juan Ling, Yan-Ying Zhang, Jun-De Dong, Jing-Bing Feng & Wei-Hua Zhou

  2. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China

    You-Shao Wang

  3. Hainan Tropical Marine Biological Research Station, Sanya, 57200, China

    Juan Ling, Yan-Ying Zhang, Jun-De Dong, Jing-Bing Feng & Wei-Hua Zhou

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  1. Juan Ling
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Correspondence to Jun-De Dong or You-Shao Wang.

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Ling, J., Zhang, YY., Dong, JD. et al. Spatial variations of bacterial community and its relationship with water chemistry in Sanya Bay, South China Sea as determined by DGGE fingerprinting and multivariate analysis. Ecotoxicology 24, 1486–1497 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1492-y

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