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Oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio induced by hospital wastewater in Mexico

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Abstract

The very wide range of activities performed in hospitals (care, diagnosis, hygiene, maintenance, research) require the use of a large variety of potentially ecotoxic substances such as surfactants, metals, disinfectants and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress in the common carp Cyprinus carpio induced by hospital wastewater (HWW) in Mexico. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and subsequently the lowest observed adverse effect level were determined. Carp were exposed to the latter value (0.5 %) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and the following biomarkers were evaluated in gill, brain, liver and blood: hydroperoxide content (HPC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, protein carbonyl content (PCC) and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Significant increases in HPC, MDA content and PCC were observed in exposed specimens, particularly in gill, liver and brain. SOD and CAT activity also increased in liver and brain. In conclusion, this particular HWW induces oxidative stress on C. carpio, this damage being most evident in gill, liver and brain.

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Acknowledgments

This study was made possible through financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT-Mexico, Project 151665).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico

    Nadia Neri-Cruz, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván, Hariz Islas-Flores & Nely SanJuan-Reyes

  2. Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico

    Marcela Galar-Martínez & Sandra García-Medina

  3. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Coordinación Delegacional de Investigación del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Estado de México Poniente, Morelos intersección Josefa Ortiz Col., Centro, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico

    María del Socorro Romero-Figueroa

  4. Unidad de Farmacología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Juan Manuel Jiménez-Vargas

Authors
  1. Nadia Neri-Cruz
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  2. Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
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  3. Marcela Galar-Martínez
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  4. María del Socorro Romero-Figueroa
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  5. Hariz Islas-Flores
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  6. Sandra García-Medina
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  7. Juan Manuel Jiménez-Vargas
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  8. Nely SanJuan-Reyes
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Correspondence to Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván.

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Neri-Cruz, N., Gómez-Oliván, L.M., Galar-Martínez, M. et al. Oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio induced by hospital wastewater in Mexico. Ecotoxicology 24, 181–193 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1371-y

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