Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

First-Time Mothers Psychiatric Health Status During the Transition to Motherhood

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Community Mental Health Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study was conducted to examine the changes of first-time mothers’ psychiatric health status, social support, marital intimacy, postpartum stress, and maternal attachment during the transition to motherhood. A repeated measures study was conducted at the 36th week pregnancy, the first week postpartum, and the fourth week postpartum with 217 primiparous women. The results showed that the proportion of women with minor psychiatric morbidity declined over time from late pregnancy to early postpartum. The levels of marital intimacy and social support was the highest at the fourth week and the first week postpartum, respectively. Maternal attachment increased and postpartum stress decreased from the first week to fourth week postpartum. Women with minor psychiatric morbidity reported significantly higher postpartum stress than women without minor psychiatric morbidity. Identifying women with psychiatric morbidity in advance, and providing social support during late pregnancy would be effective strategies to enhance first-time mothers’ adjustment to the transition of motherhood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Chen, F. M., & Li, T. S. (2007). Marital enqing: An examination of its relationship to spousal contributions, sacrifices, and family stress in Chinese marriages. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(4), 393–412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T. A., Wu, J. T., Chong, M. Y., & William, P. (1990). Internal consistency and factor structure of the Chinese Health Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 82(4), 304–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, T. A., & Williams, P. (1986). The design and development of a screening questionnaire (CHQ) for use in community studies of mental disorders in Taiwan. Psychological Medicine, 16(2), 415–422.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doss, B. D., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2009). The effect of the transition to parenthood on relationship quality: An 8-year prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3), 601–619.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, L. H., Diener, M. L., & Mangelsdorf, S. C. (1996). Maternal characteristics and social support across the transition to motherhood: Associations with maternal behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(1), 60–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grote, N. K., Bridge, J. A., Gavin, A. R., Melville, J. L., Lyengar, S., & Katon, W. J. (2010). A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(10), 1012–1024.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hui Choi, W. H., Lee, G. L., Chan, C. H. Y., Cheung, R. Y. H., Lee, I. L. Y., & Chan, C. L. W. (2012). The relationships of social support, uncertainty, self-efficacy, and commitment to prenatal psychosocial adaptation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(12), 2633–2645.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C. H. (2001). The effects of postpartum stress and social support on postpartum women’s health status. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36(5), 676–684. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.02032.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C. H. (2004). Predictors of postpartum women’s health status. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 36(4), 345–351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C. H. (2005). Measuring postpartum stress. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(4), 417–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C. H. (2007a). Postpartum stress as a predictor of women’s minor psychiatric morbidity. Community Mental Health Journal, 43(1), 1–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C. H. (2007b). Psychosocial features at different periods after childbirth. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science, 23(2), 71–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krieg, D. B. (2007). Does motherhood get easier the second-time around? Examining parenting stress and marital quality among mothers having their first or second child. Parenting: Science and Practice, 7(2), 149–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuscu, M. K., Akman, I., Karabekiroglu, A., Yurdakul, Z., Orhan, L., Ozdemir, N., et al. (2008). Early adverse emotional response to childbirth in Turkey: The impact of maternal attachment styles and family support. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 29(1), 33–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, E., Rothman, A. D., Cobb, R. J., Rothman, M. T., & Thomas, N. B. (2008). Marital satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(1), 41–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leahy-Warren, P., McCarthy, G., & Corcoran, P. (2011). Postnatal depression in first-time mothers: Prevalence and relationships between functional and structural social support at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 25(3), 174–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leigh, B., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Risk factors for antenatal depression, postnatal depression, and parenting stress. BioMedCentral Psychiatry, 8(1), 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, T. S. (1999). Construct and measure of marital intimacy. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 12(4), 29–51. [In Chinese].

    Google Scholar 

  • Liou, S., Wang, P., & Chen, C. (2014). Longitudinal study of perinatal maternal stress, depressive symptoms and anxiety. Midwifery, 30(6), 795–801. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.11.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller, M. E. (1994). A questionnaire to measure mother-to-infant attachment. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2(2), 129–141.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Higgins, M., Robers, I. S. J., Glover, V., & Tayler, A. (2013). Mother-child bonding at 1 year; associations with symptoms of postnatal depression and bonding in the first few weeks. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 16(5), 381–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Razure, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2011). Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of primiparous women during the postpartum period: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 27(2), 237–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smilkstein, G. (1978). The family APGAR: A proposal for a family function test and its use by physicians. The Journal of Family Practice, 6(6), 1231–1239.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smilkstein, G., Ashworth, C., & Montano, D. (1982). Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function. The Journal of Family Practice, 15(2), 303–311.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton, L. R. T., Schetter, C. D., Westling, E., Rini, C., Glynn, L. M., Hobel, C. J., et al. (2012). Perceived partner support in pregnancy predicts lower maternal and infant distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(3), 453–463.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teti, D. M., Gelfand, D. M., Messinger, D. S., & Russell, I. (1995). Maternal depression and the quality of early attachment: An examination of infants, preschoolers, and their mothers. Developmental Psychology, 31(3), 364–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research project was supported by a Grant from the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 93-2314-B-037-096).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chich-Hsiu Hung.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, WR., Hung, CH. First-Time Mothers Psychiatric Health Status During the Transition to Motherhood. Community Ment Health J 52, 937–943 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9892-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9892-2

Keywords

Navigation