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Staying close to home? Genetic differentiation of rough-toothed dolphins near oceanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean

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Abstract

Rough-toothed dolphins have a worldwide tropical and subtropical distribution, yet little is known about the population structure and social organization of this typically open-ocean species. Although it has been assumed that pelagic dolphins range widely due to the lack of apparent barriers and unpredictable prey distribution, recent evidence suggests rough-toothed dolphins exhibit fidelity to some oceanic islands. Using the most comprehensively extensive dataset for this species to date, we assess the isolation and interchange of rough-toothed dolphins at the regional and oceanic scale within the central Pacific Ocean. Using mtDNA and microsatellite genotyping (nDNA), we analyzed samples of insular communities from the main Hawaiian (Kaua‘i n = 93, O‘ahu n = 9, Hawai‘i n = 57), French Polynesian (n = 70) and Samoan (n = 16) archipelagos, and pelagic samples off the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (n = 18). An overall AMOVA indicated strong genetic differentiation among islands (mtDNA FST = 0.265; p < 0.001; nDNA FST = 0.038; p < 0.001), as well as among archipelagos (mtDNA FST = 0.299; p < 0.001; nDNA FST = 0.055; p < 0.001). Shared haplotypes (n = 4) between the archipelagos may be a product of a relatively recent divergence and/or periodic exchange from poorly understood pelagic populations. Analyses using STRUCTURE and GENELAND identified four separate management units among archipelagos and within the Hawaiian Islands. These results confirm the presence of multiple insular populations within the Pacific and island-specific genetic isolation among populations attached to islands in each archipelago. Insular populations seem most prevalent where oceanographic conditions indicate high local productivity or a discontinuity with surrounding oligotrophic areas. Our findings have important implications for a little studied species that faces increasing anthropogenic threats around oceanic islands.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following for invaluable assistance: Kelly Robertson for overseeing and coordinating the database and extract of samples archived at SWFSC, Ellen Garland, Ursula Gonzalez, Daniel Webster, Jessica Aschettino, Greg Schorr, James Sumich, and Pamela Carzon for support in the field; Debbie Steel, Rebecca Hamner and Alana Alexander for help with laboratory analyses; Daniel Palacios for assistance with R; Carlos Olavarría for providing samples from Samoa, and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center as well as Jamie Marchetti from the NMFS Pacific Islands Regional Office for samples from American Samoa. Cascadia Research Collective collected the Main Hawaiian Islands samples. Research was conducted under permits from the Ministry of the Environment of the French Polynesia government (issued to M.M. Poole) and NMFS Scientific Research 774 (issued to SWFSC). The Oregon State University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved a protocol for collection of biopsy samples. Southwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Mammal Genetics Group and the Pacific Islands Grant provided funding for the archiving and extracting of samples from the Hawaiian Islands and American Samoa. National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Navy (N45, Office of Naval Research, Pacific Fleet), and Wild Whale Research Foundation provided funding for the main Hawaiian Islands fieldwork. New Zealand Marsden Fund, Pew Environmental Trust and the Mamie Markham Research Award provided funding for fieldwork in French Polynesia and Samoa, with additional funding for fieldwork in French Polynesia, provided by the Ministry of the Environment of French Polynesia, Dolphin and Whale Watching Expeditions and the Earhart Foundation. C.S. Baker was supported by a Pew Marine Conservation Fellowship for a study of ‘A Pattern of Dolphins’ (aPOD) in the Pacific.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA

    G. Renee Albertson & C. Scott Baker

  2. Cascadia Research Collective Olympia, Olympia, WA, 98501, USA

    Robin W. Baird

  3. New Caledonia Office, WWF France, BP692, 98845, Nouméa, New Caledonia

    Marc Oremus

  4. Marine Mammal Research Program, BP 698, Maharepa, Mo’orea, French Polynesia

    M. Micahel Poole

  5. Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Karen K. Martien

  6. School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

    C. Scott Baker

Authors
  1. G. Renee Albertson
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  2. Robin W. Baird
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  3. Marc Oremus
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  4. M. Micahel Poole
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  5. Karen K. Martien
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  6. C. Scott Baker
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Renee Albertson.

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Albertson, G.R., Baird, R.W., Oremus, M. et al. Staying close to home? Genetic differentiation of rough-toothed dolphins near oceanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean. Conserv Genet 18, 33–51 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0880-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0880-z

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