Abstract
Baseline patient and tumor characteristics differentially affected type of death in the MA.17 placebo-controlled letrozole trial where cardiovascular death was not separately identified. The MA.27 trial allowed competing risks analysis of breast cancer (BC), cardiovascular, and other type (OT) of death. MA.27 was a phase III adjuvant breast cancer trial of exemestane versus anastrozole. Effects of baseline patient and tumor characteristics were tested for whether factors were associated with (1) all cause mortality and (2) cause-specific mortality. We also fit step-wise forward cause-specific-adjusted models. 7576 women (median age 64 years; 5417 (72 %) < 70 years and 2159 (28 %) ≥ 70 years) were enrolled and followed for median 4.1 years. The 432 deaths comprised 187 (43 %) BC, 66 (15 %) cardiovascular, and 179 (41 %) OT. Five baseline factors were differentially associated with type of death. Older patients had greater BC (p = 0.03), cardiovascular (p < 0.001), and other types (p < 0.001) of mortality. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular history had worse cardiovascular mortality (p < 0.001); those with worse ECOG performance status had worse OT mortality (p < 0.001). Patients with T1 tumors (p < 0.001) and progesterone receptor positive had less BC mortality (p < 0.001). Fewer BC deaths occurred with node-negative disease (p < 0.001), estrogen receptor-positive tumors (p = 0.001), and without adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.005); worse cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.01), with trastuzumab; worse OT mortality, for non-whites (p = 0.03) and without adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.003). Overall, 57 % of deaths in MA.27 AI-treated patients were non-breast cancer related. Baseline patient and tumor characteristics differentially affected type of death with women 70 or older experiencing more non-breast cancer death.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute [grant numbers 015761,015764]; the United States National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [grant number CA77202]; and Pfizer (New York, Canada). Dr. Goss is supported by the Avon Foundation.
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10549_2016_3761_MOESM2_ESM.tif
A2. Breast cancer death standardized residuals vs time. Ninety-five percent of residuals would be expected to be between +/- 2.0 under log-normal error model.Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 26 kb)
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A3. Cardiovascular death standardized residuals vs time. Ninety-five percent of residuals would be expected to be between +/- 2.0 under log-normal error model. Supplementary material 3 (TIFF 24 kb)
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A4. Other type of death standardized residuals vs time. Ninety-five percent of residuals would be expected to be between +/- 2.0 under log-normal error model. Supplementary material 4 (TIFF 26 kb)
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Chapman, JA.W., Shepherd, L.E., Ingle, J.N. et al. Competing risks of death in women treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer on NCIC CTG MA.27. Breast Cancer Res Treat 156, 343–349 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3761-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3761-8