Abstract
The present study focused on the potential application of fNIRS in the detection of concealed information. Participants either committed a mock crime or not and then were presented with a randomized series of probes (crime-related information) and irrelevants (crime-irrelevant information) in a standard concealed information test (CIT). Participants in the guilty group were instructed to conceal crime-related information they obtained from the mock crime, thus making deceptive response to the probes. Meanwhile, their brain activity to probes and irrelevants was recorded by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). At the group level, we found that probe items were associated with longer reaction times and greater activity in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor cortex than irrelevant items in the guilty group, but not in the innocent group. These findings provided evidence on neural correlates of recognition during a CIT. Finally, on the basis of the activity in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor cortex, the correct classification of guilty versus innocent participants was approximately 75 % and the combination of fNIRS and reaction time measures yielded a better classification rate of 83.3 %. These findings illustrate the feasibility and promise of using fNIRS to detect concealed information.
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Notes
Differentiation of deception approach: previous neuroimaging studies typical used differentiation of deception approach to identify neurocognitive process involved in deception. Specifically, the researchers compared brain activation between a truth condition (participants responded truthfully to stimuli) and a deception condition (participants responded deceptively to the same stimuli).
The 95 % confidence intervals of the AUCs are given in parentheses. If the 95 % confidence interval does not include 0.50, then the AUC is significantly larger than 0.50 (chance) at 0.05 level.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Gail Heyman, Lindsey Short and Anne Ward for their valuable suggestions and comments on this project. We are grateful to J.P Ronsefeld and another anonymous reviewer for a valuable review. The present study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China to Genyue Fu (31371041) and Program for Innovative Research Team in Zhejiang Normal University.
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Liyang Sai and Xiaomei Zhou contributed equally.
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Sai, L., Zhou, X., Ding, X.P. et al. Detecting Concealed Information Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Brain Topogr 27, 652–662 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0352-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0352-z