Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Drug compartmentalization as strategy to improve the physico-chemical properties of diclofenac sodium loaded niosomes for topical applications

  • Published:
Biomedical Microdevices Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the effect of diclofenac sodium compartmentalization on the physico-chemical properties (such as size, drug entrapment efficiency and percutaneous permeation across rabbit skin) of niosomal vesicles used as carriers. Niosomes were prepared starting from nonionic commercial surfactants belonging to the class of Polysorbates and Pluronics: mixtures of Span 60/F127 and Tween 60/F127 at different ratios were used to obtain vesicles and all formulations were compared in terms of dimensions, morphology, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency. Moreover, the enhancing effect of niosomes on the ex vivo percutaneous penetration of diclofenac sodium was investigated using Franz-type diffusion chambers and compared to that obtained by using the corresponding drug solution. Results demonstrated that niosomes were spherical and homogeneous in shape. Their size was found to be dependent on the hydrophile-lipophile balance of the surfactant mixture: increasing hydrophobicity resulted in smaller vesicles. Drug incorporation led to a significant variation in vesicle size dependently from the compartment in which the drug was located. The permeation of diclofenac from free solution used as control was found to be lower respect to that obtained for all niosomal formulations, that can be considered as percutaneous permeation enhancers. In particular, the results indicated that the highest cumulative amounts of diclofenac permeated across rabbit skin after 24 h were obtained by formulations in which the drug was located in the aqueous core.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • S.G. Ahmed, D.M. Nahed, M. Samar, M.H. Rania, Int. J. Pharm. 306, 71 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.D. Bangham, M.M. Standish, J.C. Watkins, J. Mol. Biol. 13, 238 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Bharkatiya, R. Nema, M. Bhatnagara, Int. J. Chem. Sci.8, 2055 (2010)

  • R.R. Fenton, W.J. Easdable, H. Meng, E.S.M. Omara, M.J. Mckeage, P.J. Russel, T.W. Hambley, J. Med. Chem. 40, 1090 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H.E. Junginger, H.E.J. Hofland, J.A. Bouwstra, Cosm. Toiletries. 106, 45 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • V.B. Junyaprasert, P. Singhsa, J. Suksiriworapong, D. Chantasart, Int. J. Pharm. 423, 303 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Kulkarni, G.V. Betageri, M. Singh, J. Microencapsul. 12, 229 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Makino, M. Namba, J. Arata, Eur. J. Derma. 6(3), 191 (1996)

  • R. Muzzalupo, L. Tavano, R. Cassano, S. Trombino, T. Ferrarelli, N. Picci, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 79, 28 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.W. Provencher, Comput. Phys. Commun. 27, 229 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Schreier, J. Bouwstra, J. Control. Release 30, 1 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Schreier, S.V.P. Malheiros, E. de Paula, Physic. biol. Asp. 1508, 210 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Schütze, C.C. Müller-Goymann, Pharm. Res. 15, 538 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C.H. Singh, C.P. Jain, B.N. Kumar, Pharmacophore. 2, 168 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Srinivas, Y. Anand Kumar, A. Hemanth, M. Anitha, Dig. J. Nanomat. Biostr. 5, 249 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Y.O.K. Takayama, Y. Maitani, Y. Machida, T. Nagai, Int. J. Pharm. 89, 191 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Tavano, R. Muzzalupo, S. Trombino, R. Cassano, A. Pingitore, N. Picci, Coll. Surf. B: Bioint. 79, 227 (2010a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Tavano, R. Muzzalupo, R. Cassano, S. Trombino, T. Ferrarelli, N. Picci, Coll. Surf. B: Bioint. 75, 319 (2010b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Tavano, L. Gentile, C. Oliviero Rossi, R. Muzzalupo, Coll. Surf. B: Bioint. 110, 281 (2013a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Tavano, M. Vivacqua, V. Carito, R. Muzzalupo, M.C. Caroleo, F. Nicoletta, Coll. Surf. B: Bioint. 102, 803 (2013b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Tavano, R. Muzzalupo, N. Picci, B. de Cindio, Coll. Surf. B: Bioint. 114, 144 (2014a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Tavano, R. Muzzalupo, N. Picci, B. de Cindio, Coll. Surf. B: Bioint. 114, 82 (2014b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H.Y. Thong, H. Zhai, H.I. Maibach, Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 20, 272 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F.I. Uchegbu, S.P. Vyas, Int. J. Pharm. 172, 33 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K.A. Walters, Surfactants and Percutaneous Absorption, in Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration: Methods, Measurements, Modelling, ed. by R.C. Scott, R.H. Guy, J. Hadgraft (IBC Technical Services Ltd, London, 1990), pp. 148–162

    Google Scholar 

  • X. Xu, M.A. Khan, D.J. Burgessa, Int. J. Pharm. 423, 410 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

MIUR, the Italian Ministry for University, is acknowledged for financial support (EX-60 %, PRIN 2010–2011, Prot. N. 2010H834LS004 and PON01_00293-Spread Bio Oil). Moreover, the project has been co-funded with support from the Commission European Social Fund and Region of Calabria (Italy) and LIPAC (Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Processi Alimentari in Calabria). The authors are grateful to Dr Anna Internò for her assistance in English corrections.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy

    Lorena Tavano, Nevio Picci, Giuseppina Ioele & Rita Muzzalupo

  2. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy

    Lorena Tavano & Bruno de Cindio

Authors
  1. Lorena Tavano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bruno de Cindio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nevio Picci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Giuseppina Ioele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rita Muzzalupo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rita Muzzalupo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tavano, L., de Cindio, B., Picci, N. et al. Drug compartmentalization as strategy to improve the physico-chemical properties of diclofenac sodium loaded niosomes for topical applications. Biomed Microdevices 16, 851–858 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-014-9889-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-014-9889-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation