Abstract
Flexible GMRES, introduced by Saad, is a generalization of the standard GMRES method for the solution of large linear systems of equations. It is based on the flexible Arnoldi process for reducing a large square matrix to a small matrix. We describe how the flexible Arnoldi process can be applied to implement one-parameter and multi-parameter Tikhonov regularization of linear discrete ill-posed problems. The method proposed is well suited for large-scale problems. Moreover, computed examples show that our method can give approximate solutions of higher accuracy than available direct methods for small-scale problems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baart, M.L.: The use of auto-correlation for pseudo-rank determination in noisy ill-conditioned least-squares problems. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 2, 241–247 (1982)
Baglama, J., Reichel, L.: Decomposition methods for large linear discrete ill-posed problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 198, 332–342 (2007)
Bouhamidi, A., Jbilou, K.: A Sylvester–Tikhonov regularization method for image restoration. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 206, 86–98 (2007)
Brezinski, C., Redivo-Zaglia, M., Rodriguez, G., Seatzu, S.: Multi-parameter regularization techniques for ill-conditioned linear systems. Numer. Math. 94, 203–224 (2003)
Calvetti, D., Reichel, L.: Tikhonov regularization of large linear problems. BIT Numer. Math. 43, 263–283 (2003)
Chan, T.F., Jackson, K.R.: Nonlinearly preconditioned Krylov subspace methods for discrete Newton algorithms. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 5, 533–542 (1984)
Daniel, J.W., Gragg, W.B., Kaufman, L., Stewart, G.W.: Reorthogonalization and stable algorithms for updating the Gram–Schmidt QR factorization. Math. Comput. 30, 772–795 (1976)
Donatelli, M., Neuman, A., Reichel, L.: Square regularization matrices for large linear discrete ill-posed problems. Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 19, 896–913 (2012)
Donatelli, M., Reichel, L.: Square smoothing regularization matrices with accurate boundary conditions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 272, 334–349 (2014)
Dykes, L., Reichel, L.: On the reduction of Tikhonov minimization problems and the construction of regularization matrices. Numer. Algorithms 60, 683–696 (2012)
Eldén, L.: Algorithms for the regularization of ill-conditioned least squares problems. BIT Numer. Math. 17, 134–145 (1977)
Eldén, L.: A weighted pseudoinverse, generalized singular values, and constrained least squares problems. BIT Numer. Math. 22, 487–501 (1982)
Engl, H.W., Hanke, M., Neubauer, A.: Regularization of Inverse Problems. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1996)
Gazzola, S.: Regularization techniques based on Krylov subspace methods for ill-posed linear systems, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, March 2014
Gazzola, S., Novati, P.: Muli-parameter Arnoldi–Tikhonov methods. Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. 40, 452–475 (2013)
Golub, G.H., Van Loan, C.F.: Matrix Computations, 4th edn. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2013)
Handlovicová, A., Mikula, K., Sgallari, F.: Semi-implicit complementary volume scheme for solving level set like equations in image processing and curve evolution. Numer. Math. 93, 675–695 (2003)
Hansen, P.C.: Rank-Deficient and Discrete Ill-Posed Problems. SIAM, Philadelphia (1998)
Hansen, P.C.: Regularization tools version 4.0 for Matlab 7.3. Numer. Algorithms 46, 189–194 (2007)
Hearn, T.A., Reichel, L.: Application of denoising methods to regularization of ill-posed problems. Numer. Algorithms 66, 761–777 (2014)
Hnětynková, I., Plešinger, M., Strakoš, Z.: The regularizing effect of the Golub–Kahan iterative bidiagonalization and revealing the noise level in the data. BIT Numer. Math. 49, 669–696 (2009)
Hochstenbach, M.E., Reichel, L.: An iterative method for Tikhonov regularization with a general linear regularization operator. J. Integral Equ. Appl. 22, 463–480 (2010)
Hochstenbach, M.E., Reichel, L., Yu, X.: A Golub–Kahan-type reduction method for matrix pairs (submitted for publication)
Kilmer, M.E., Hansen, P.C., Español, M.I.: A projection-based approach to general-form Tikhonov regularization. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 29, 315–330 (2007)
Kindermann, S.: Convergence analysis of minimization-based noise level-free parameter choice rules for linear ill-posed problems. Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. 38, 233–257 (2011)
Li, R.-C., Ye, Q.: A Krylov subspace method for quadratic matrix polynomials with application to constrained least squares problems. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 25, 405–428 (2003)
Lu, S., Pereverzyev, S.V.: Multi-parameter regularization and its numerical realization. Numer. Math. 118, 1–31 (2011)
Morigi, S., Reichel, L., Sgallari, F.: Orthogonal projection regularization operators. Numer. Algorithms 44, 99–114 (2007)
Morikuni, K., Reichel, L., Hayami, K.: FGMRES for linear discrete ill-posed problems. Appl. Numer. Math. 75, 175–187 (2014)
Neuman, A., Reichel, L., Sadok, H.: Implementations of range restricted iterative methods for linear discrete ill-posed problems. Linear Algebra Appl. 436, 3974–3990 (2012)
Perona, P., Malik, J.: Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12, 629–639 (1990)
Reichel, L., Rodriguez, G.: Old and new parameter choice rules for discrete ill-posed problems. Numer. Algorithms 63, 65–87 (2013)
Reichel, L., Sgallari, F., Ye, Q.: Tikhonov regularization based on generalized Krylov subspace methods. Appl. Numer. Math. 62, 1215–1228 (2012)
Reichel, L., Ye, Q.: Simple square smoothing regularization operators. Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. 33, 63–83 (2009)
Saad, Y.: A flexible inner-outer preconditioned GMRES algorithm. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 14, 461–469 (1993)
Weickert, J., Romeny, B.M.H., Viergever, M.A.: Efficient and reliable schemes for nonlinear diffusion filtering. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 7, 398–410 (1998)
Yu, X.: Generalized Krylov subspace methods with applications, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mathematics, Kent State University, May 2014
Zha, H.: Computing the generalized singular values/vectors of large sparse or structured matrix pairs. Numer. Math. 72, 391–417 (1996)
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the referees for comments that lead to improvements of the presentation. This research is supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-1115385.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Rosemary Renaut.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reichel, L., Yu, X. Tikhonov regularization via flexible Arnoldi reduction. Bit Numer Math 55, 1145–1168 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10543-014-0542-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10543-014-0542-9