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Implications of African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) denning on the density and distribution of a key prey species: addressing myths and misperceptions

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Abstract

African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are often the least popular large carnivore among game ranchers because of their perceived impact on prey populations. Landowner perceptions include that wild dogs greatly deplete prey during their three-month denning period, take prey that could otherwise be sold for hunting and cause prey to move away from the vicinity of their den sites. Landowners’ tolerance towards African wild dogs could thus be improved with a more rigorous understanding of the actual impact of wild dogs on prey populations during the denning period. Using impala density data and wild dog denning records from Sango Ranch in the Savé Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe, we compared impala densities between pre-denning, denning and post-denning season and between inside and outside the denning home range. Our results indicate that wild dog denning does not cause a significant local reduction in prey around the den and does not cause prey to move away from denning areas. However prey species did occur in lower density inside the denning home ranges than outside, in all seasons. This result indicates that wild dogs select dens in areas of lower prey density, perhaps as an avoidance mechanism for lions. Accordingly, contrary to what landowners believe, wild dogs do not have a significant impact on prey populations during their denning season.

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Acknowledgments

Wild dog fieldwork was conducted under permits from the Research Council of Zimbabwe, and funded by National Geographic Conservation Trust, Columbus Zoo and Rufford Small Grants Foundation. We would like to thank the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority for their support, and members of the Savé Valley Conservancy, particularly Sango Ranch for access to their properties. Rueben Bote and Misheck Matari are thanked for assistance in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QL, UK

    Moreangels M. Mbizah

  2. Savé Valley Conservancy, P.O. Box 24, Birchenough Bridge, Sango Ranch, Zimbabwe

    Christoffel J. Joubert & Lourette Joubert

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

    Rosemary J. Groom

  4. African Wildlife Conservation Fund, PO Box 47, Birchenough Bridge, Chishakwe Ranch, Zimbabwe

    Rosemary J. Groom

Authors
  1. Moreangels M. Mbizah
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  2. Christoffel J. Joubert
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  3. Lourette Joubert
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  4. Rosemary J. Groom
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moreangels M. Mbizah.

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Communicated by David L. Hawksworth.

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Mbizah, M.M., Joubert, C.J., Joubert, L. et al. Implications of African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) denning on the density and distribution of a key prey species: addressing myths and misperceptions. Biodivers Conserv 23, 1441–1451 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0675-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0675-9

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