Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A hot-point within a hot-spot: a high diversity site in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Biodiversity and Conservation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered one of the world’s most important sites for biodiversity conservation, and within this biome there are regions with differing levels of species richness, species composition, and endemism. The present study was undertaken in southern Bahia, Brazil, and employed a standardized sampling method to compare the density of arboreal species in this region with other areas throughout the world known for their high tree species density. A total of 144 tree species with DBH > 4.8 cm were sampled within a 0.1 ha plot of old-growth forest (OGF), and these data were then compared with 22 other world sites that had been sampled using the same methodology and likewise demonstrated high densities of arboreal species. Only one site of ombrophilous forest in Colombia demonstrated a higher tree species density (148 spp. in 0.1 ha) than was encountered in southern Bahia. Other areas of Brazil, including other Atlantic Forest sites, showed significantly inferior tree species densities. These results indicate that this region of southern Bahia has one of the greatest numbers of tree species in Brazil and in the world. These results, associated with the high levels of endemism there, indicate the high biological importance of this region. It is therefore fundamental that efforts aimed at halting the degradation of these forests be linked to programs that will increase our knowledge of the species found there as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes that originated these unique forests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

PESC:

Serra do Conduru State Park

OGF:

Old-growth forest

OLF:

Old logged forest

RLF:

Recently logged forest

References

  • Alger K, Caldas M (1994) The declining cocoa economy and the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil: conservation attitudes of cocoa planters. Environmentalist 14:107–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alves MV, Thomas WW, Wanderley MGL (2002) New species of Hypolytrum Rich (Cyperaceae) from the Neotropics. Brittonia 54:124–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amorim AMA, Fiaschi P, Jardim JG, Thomas WW, Clifton B, Carvalho AM (2005) The Vascular Plants of a Forest Fragment in Southern Bahia, Brazil. Sida 21(3):1726–1752

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson WR, Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 11:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade-Lima D (1982) Present-day forest refuges in northeastern Brazil. In: Prance GT (ed) Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • APG (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot J Linn Soc 141:399–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asmar SRE, Andrade MP(1977) Geografia da Microrregião Cacaueira Itabuna – BA. Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, Ilhéus

  • Caramaschi U, Pimenta BVS (2003) Duas novas espécies de Chiasmocleis Méhelÿ, 1904 da Mata Atlântica do sul da Bahia, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, microhylidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 61:195–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Clinebell RR, Phillips OL, Gentry AH et al (1995) Prediction of neotropical tree and liana species richness from soil and climatic data. Biodiversity Conserv 4:56–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell JH (1978) Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302–1310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coomes DA, Grubb PJ (2000) Impacts of root competition in forest and woodlands: a theoretical framework and review of experiments. Ecol Monogr 70:171–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz CAG, Pimenta BVS, Silvano DL (2003) Duas novas espécies pertencentes ao complexo de Hyla albosignata Lutz & Lutz, 1938, do leste do Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia 503:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie DJ, Mittelbach GG, Cornell HV et al (2004) Predictions and tests of climate-based hypotheses of broad-scale variation in taxonomic richness. Ecol Lett 7:1121–1134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiaschi P, Cordeiro I (2005) Discocarpus pedicellatus, a new species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae sl) from southern Bahia, Brazil. Brittonia 57:248–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry AH (1982) Neotropical floristic diversity. Ann Mo Bot Gard 69:557–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry AH (1988) Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Ann Mo Bot Gard 75:1–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry AH (1992) Tropical forest biodiversity: distributional patterns and their conservational significance. Oikos 63:19–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giraldo-Cañas D, Fiaschi P (2005) Las Marcgraviaceae (Ericales) de Brasil: las espécies del complejo Norantea. Caldasia 27:273–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ (1999) On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity. J Ecol 87:193–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg R, Amorim AMA (2006) Physeterostemon (Melastomataceae): a new genus and two new species from the Bahian Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Taxon 55(4):965–972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotelli NJ, Colwell RK (2001) Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecol Lett 4:379–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Governo do Estado da Bahia (1998) Área de proteção ambiental Itacaré/Serra Grande: plano de manejo, zoneamento ecológico-econômico e plano de gestão. Governo do Estado da Bahia, Salvador

  • Hartshorn GS (1991) Plantas. In: Janzen DH (ed) Historia natural de Costa Rica. Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbell SP, Foster RB (1986) Commonness and rarity in a neotropical forest: implications for tropical tree conservation. In: Soulé M (ed) Conservation biology. Sinauer, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • IBGE (1992) Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira. Série Manuais Técnicos em Geociências, vol 1. DEDIT/CCDI, Rio de Janeiro

  • Jardim JG (2003) Uma caracterização parcial da vegetação da região sul da Bahia, Brasil. In: Prado PI, Landau EC, Moura RT, Pinto LPS, Fonseca GAB, Alger K (eds) Corredor de Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica do sul da Bahia. CD-ROM. IESB/CI/CABS/UFMG/UNICAMP, Ilhéus

  • Landau EC (2003) Normais de Precipitação no Sudeste da Bahia, Brasil.(mapa em formato digital, adaptado a partir de SEI, 1998), escala 1:6.000.000. Data dos Dados: 1943–1983. In: Prado PI, Landau EC, Moura RT, Pinto LPS, Fonseca GAB, Alger K (orgs.) Corredor de Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia. Publicação em CD-ROM, Ilhéus, IESB/CI/CABS/UFMG/UNICAMP, Ilhéus

  • Leigh EG Jr, Davidar P, Dick CW, Puyravaud JP, Terborgh J, Ter Steege H, Wright SJ (2004) Why do some tropical forests have so many species of trees?. Biotropica 36:447–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini AMZ (2002) Estrutura e composição da vegetação echuva de sementes em sub-bosque, clareiras naturais e área perturbada por fogo em floresta tropical no sul da Bahia. PhD Dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas

  • Mittermeier RA, Gil PR, Hoffmann M, Pilgrim J, Brooks J, Miitermeier CG, Lamourux J, Fonseca GAB (2004) Hotspots revisited: earth’s biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. Cemex, Washington, DC

  • Mori SA, Boom BM, Carvalho AMV, Santos TS (1983a) Ecological importance of Myrtaceae in an eastern brazilian wet forest. Biotropica 15: 68–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori SA, Boom BM, Carvalho AMV, Santos TS (1983b) Southern Bahian moist forests. Bot Rev 49:155–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori SA, Boom BM, Prance GT (1981) Distribution patterns and conservation of eastern Brazilian coastal forest tree species. Brittonia 33:233–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira-Filho AT, Fontes MAL (2000) Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic Forests in Southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate. Biotropica 32:793–810

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacheco JF, Whitney BM, Gonzaga LP (1996) A new genus and species of Furnariid (Aves:Furnaridae) from the cocoa-growing region of southeastern Bahia, Brazil. Wilson Bull 108:397–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips O, Miller JS (2002) Global patterns of plant diversity: Alwyn H Gentry’s forest transect data set. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri botanical garden, vol 89. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis

  • Rabinowitz D, Cairns S, Dillon T (1986) Seven forms of rarity and their frequency in the flora of the British isles. In: Soulé M (ed) Conservation biology. Sinauer, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs RE (2004) A comprehensive framework for global patterns in biodiversity. Ecol Lett 7:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs RE, Schluter D (1993) Species diversity: regional and historical influences. In: Ricklefs RE, Schluter D (eds) Species diversity in ecological communities. Chicago University Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohde K (1992) Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: the search for the primary cause. Oikos 65:514–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sá DF, Almeida HA, Silva LF, Leão AC (1982) Fatores edafo-climáticos seletivos ao zoneamento da cacauicultura no sudeste da Bahia. Rev Theobroma 12:169–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Saatchi S, Agosti D, Alger K et al (2001) Examining fragmentation and loss of primary forest in Southern Bahian Atlantic Forest of Brazil with radar imagery. Conserv Biol 15:867–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scudeller VV, Martins FR, Shepherd GJ (2001) Distribution and abundance of arboreal species in the Atlantic ombrophilous dense forest in Southeastern Brazil. Plant Ecol 152:185–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheil D, Burslem DFRP (2003) Disturbing hypotheses in tropical forests. Trends Ecol Evol 18:18–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva JMC, Casteleti CHM (2003) Status of the biodiversity of the Atlantic forest of Brazil. In: Galindo-Leal C, Camara IG (eds) The Atlantic Forest of South America: biodiversity status, trends, and outlook. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science and Island Press, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soderstrom TR, Calderón CE (1974) Primitive forest grasses and evolution of the bambusoideae. Biotropica 6:141–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabarelli M, Pinto LP, Silva JMC, Hirota M, Bedê L (2005) Challenges and opportunities fo biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Conserv Biol 19:695–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ter Steege H, Pitman N, Sabatier D et al (2003) A spatial model of tree α-diversity and tree density for the Amazon. Biodiversity Conserv 12:2255–2277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Alwyn H. Gentry Forest Transect Data Set (2004) http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/gentry/data.shtm. Cited 03 Aug 2004

  • Thomas WW, Carvalho AM, Amorim AM, Garrison J, Arbeláez AL (1998) Plant endemism in two forests in southern Bahia, Brazil. Biodiversity Conserv 7:311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas WW, Carvalho AM, Amorim AM, Garrison J, Dos Santos TS (In press) Diversity of Woody Plants in the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil. Mem New York Bot Gard

  • Thomas WW, Jardim JG, Fiaschi P, Amorim AM (2003) Lista preliminar das angiospermas localmente endêmicas do Sul da Bahia e Norte do Espírito Santo, Brasil. In: Prado PI, Landau EC, Moura RT, Pinto LPS, Fonseca GAB, Alger K (eds) Corredor de Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica do sul da Bahia. CD-ROM. IESB/CI/CABS/UFMG/UNICAMP, Ilhéus

  • Wallnofer B (2005) New species of Diospyros and additional information on D. apeibacarpos. Ann Naturhistorischen Museums Wien 106:247–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright JS (1992) Seasonal drought, soil fertility and the species density of tropical forest plant communities. Trends Ecol Evol 7:260–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright JS (2002) Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species coexistence. Oecologia 130:1–14

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Pedro Fiaschi

    Present address: Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284-2012, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus Itabuna Km 16, Ilheus, BA, CEP 45650-000, Brazil

    Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini & André M. Amorim

  2. Instituto de Estudos Sócio-ambientais do Sul da Bahia, Ilheus, BA, Brazil

    Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini

  3. Projeto Parcelas Permanentes, LERF/DCB/ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini

  4. Herbarium CEPEC, CEPLAC Rodovia Ilhéus Itabuna Km 22, Ilheus, BA, CEP 45650-000, Brazil

    Pedro Fiaschi, André M. Amorim & José Lima da Paixão

Authors
  1. Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pedro Fiaschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. André M. Amorim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. José Lima da Paixão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Endemism level of the species sampled in three areas in the Serra do Conduru State Park, Brazil

Family

Species

Endemism level

OGF

OLF

RLF

TOT

Achariaceae

Carpotroche brasiliensis Endl.

EEB

1

  

1

Anacardiaceae

Tapirira guianensis Aubl.

WSA

1

 

1

2

Annonaceae

Annona salzmannii A. DC.

EBA

  

1

1

Annonaceae

Guatteria blanchetiana R.E.Fr.

X

1

  

1

Annonaceae

Guatteria candolleana Schltdl.

EEB

1

  

1

Annonaceae

Guatteria sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Annonaceae

Xylopia sp. 1

X

 

1

 

1

Annonaceae

Xylopia sp. 2

X

  

1

1

Annonaceae

Annonaceae sp. 1

X

  

1

1

Annonaceae

Annonaceae sp. 2

X

  

1

1

Apocynaceae

Aspidosperma discolor A. DC.

WSA

3

4

 

7

Apocynaceae

Aspidosperma thomasii Marc.-Ferr.

EBA

 

4

 

4

Apocynaceae

Himatanthus bracteatus (A.DC.) Woodson

WSA

  

3

3

Apocynaceae

Lacmellea aculeata (Ducke) Monach.

DAA

2

  

2

Apocynaceae

Rauwolfia bahiensis A. DC.

EBA

2

  

2

Apocynaceae

Tabernaemontana flavicans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

X

 

1

 

1

Araliaceae

Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin

WSA

1

  

1

Arecaceae

Euterpe edulis Mart.

EEB

14

9

6

29

Asteraceae

Vernonanthura diffusa (Less.) H.Rob.

EEB

  

4

4

Bignoniaceae

Tabebuia cassinoides DC.

EEB

 

1

1

2

Boraginaceae

Cordia ecalyculata Vell.

WSA

2

1

 

3

Boraginaceae

Cordia magnoliaefolia Cham.

DAA

1

3

2

6

Boraginaceae

Cordia nodosa Lam.

WSA

1

  

1

Boraginaceae

Cordia sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Burseraceae

Protium aracouchini (Aubl.) Marchand

WSA

1

2

2

5

Burseraceae

Protium icicariba var. talmonii Daly

EBA

3

4

1

8

Burseraceae

Protium sp. 1

X

 

1

2

3

Burseraceae

Protium warmingianum Marchand

EEB

3

2

1

6

Burseraceae

Tetragastris catuaba Soares da Cunha

EEB

 

1

 

1

Celastraceae

Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm.

WSA

3

 

1

4

Celastraceae

Maytenus distichophylla Mart. ex Reiss.

X

 

1

3

4

Chrysobalanaceae

Couepia belemii Prance

EBA

 

1

 

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Couepia bondarii Prance

EBA

 

1

 

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Couepia pernambucensis Prance

EEB

1

  

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Hirtella triandra Sw.

WSA

1

  

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Licania belemii Prance

EBA

 

2

3

5

Chrysobalanaceae

Licania kunthiana Hook. f.

WSA

 

1

 

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Licania lamentanda Prance

EBA

1

1

 

2

Chrysobalanaceae

Licania littoralis Warm.

EEB

2

1

 

3

Chrysobalanaceae

Parinari alvimii Prance

EBA

 

1

 

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Stephanopodium blanchetianum Baill.

EEB

 

3

1

4

Chrysobalanaceae

Stephanopodium magnifolium Prance

EBA

1

2

 

3

Chrysobalanaceae

Stephanopodium sp. 1

X

 

2

 

2

Chrysobalanaceae

Chrysobalanaceae sp. 1

X

 

1

 

1

Chrysobalanaceae

Chrysobalanaceae sp. 2

X

  

1

1

Clusiaceae

Clusia palmicida Rich. ex Planch. & Triana

X

1

  

1

Clusiaceae

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi

WSA

 

5

 

5

Clusiaceae

Garcinia macrophylla Mart.

X

3

 

2

5

Clusiaceae

Kielmeyera itacarensis N.Saddi

EBA

3

  

3

Clusiaceae

Tovomita choisyana Planch. & Triana

X

 

3

2

5

Clusiaceae

Tovomita mangle G. Mariz

EEB

 

2

 

2

Clusiaceae

Vismia ferruginea Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth

X

  

1

1

Combretaceae

Buchenavia capitata Eichl.

X

1

  

1

Cyatheaceae

Cyathea corcovadensis Domin

X

 

1

 

1

Ebenaceae

Diospyros guatterioides A.C.Sm.

X

  

1

1

Ebenaceae

Diospyros sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Ebenaceae

Diospyros sp. 2

X

  

1

1

Elaeocarpaceae

Sloanea guianensis Benth.

WSA

1

  

1

Elaeocarpaceae

Sloanea sp. 1

X

1

1

 

2

Erythroxylaceae

Erythroxylum cf. citrifolium A. St.-Hil.

WSA

 

1

 

1

Euphorbiaceae

Actinostemon appendiculatus Jabl.

EEB

  

1

1

Euphorbiaceae

Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Müll.Arg.

EEB

  

2

2

Euphorbiaceae

Glycydendron amazonicum Ducke

DAA

 

1

2

3

Euphorbiaceae

Mabea piriri Aubl.

WSA

2

1

 

3

Euphorbiaceae

Pausandra morisiana Radlk.

EEB

 

11

 

11

Euphorbiaceae

Pogonophora schomburgkiana Miers ex Benth.

WSA

 

1

 

1

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbiaceae sp. 1

X

1

6

3

10

Fabaceae

Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W. Grimes

X

 

1

 

1

Fabaceae

Andira fraxinifolia Benth.

EEB

1

 

1

2

Fabaceae

Andira legalis (Vell.) Toledo

X

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Andira nitida Mart. ex Benth.

EEB

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Andira sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Fabaceae

Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R.S. Cowan

EBA

 

2

 

2

Fabaceae

Balizia pedicellaris (DC.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes

DAA

1

 

1

2

Fabaceae

Copaifera lucens Dwyer

X

1

1

1

3

Fabaceae

Exostyles venusta Schott ex Spreng.

EEB

1

  

1

Fabaceae

Harleyodendron unifoliatum R.S.Cowan

EBA

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Inga blanchetiana Benth.

EBA

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Inga capitata Desv.

DAA

 

2

 

2

Fabaceae

Inga cf. laurina (Sw.) Willd.

WSA

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Inga sp. 1

X

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Inga sp. 2

X

1

  

1

Fabaceae

Inga tenuis (Vell.) Mart.

EEB

 

1

 

1

Fabaceae

Macrolobium latifolium Vog.

EBA

 

1

4

5

Fabaceae

Parkia pendula Benth. ex Walp.

DAA

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Peltogyne pauciflora Benth.

X

 

2

2

4

Fabaceae

Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl

X

1

  

1

Fabaceae

Sclerolobium densiflorum Benth.

EEB

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Hochr.

EBA

  

1

1

Fabaceae

Swartzia apetala Raddi var. blanchetii (Benth.) R.S. Cowan

EBA

1

2

1

4

Fabaceae

Swartzia myrtifolia Sm. var. elegans (Schott) R.S. Cowan

EEB

 

1

 

1

Fabaceae

Swartzia reticulata Ducke

DAA

 

1

6

7

Fabaceae

Swartzia simplex Spreng.

WSA

2

1

 

3

Fabaceae

Zollernia magnifica A.M. Carvalho & Barneby

EBA

1

2

 

3

Fabaceae

Zollernia modesta A.M. Carvalho & Barneby

EBA

 

1

1

2

Fabaceae

Fabaceae sp. 1

X

  

3

3

Fabaceae

Fabaceae sp. 2

X

1

  

1

Fabaceae

Fabaceae sp. 3

X

 

1

 

1

Humiriaceae

Humiriastrum sp. 1

X

2

  

2

Lacistemataceae

Lacistema robustum Schnizl.

EEB

 

2

1

3

Lauraceae

Aniba intermedia (Meisn.) Mez

EBA

3

  

3

Lauraceae

Ocotea cf. blanchetii (Meisn.) Mez

X

  

1

1

Lauraceae

Ocotea cf. glauca (Nees & Mart.) Mez

X

 

4

 

4

Lauraceae

Ocotea indecora Schott ex Meisn.

EEB

 

1

 

1

Lauraceae

Ocotea percurrens Vicentini

DAA

1

 

1

2

Lauraceae

Ocotea sp. 1

X

 

1

 

1

Lauraceae

Ocotea sp. 2

X

 

1

 

1

Lauraceae

Persea caesia Meisn.

X

3

  

3

Lauraceae

Lauraceae sp. 1

X

 

1

 

1

Lauraceae

Lauraceae sp. 2

X

1

  

1

Lauraceae

Lauraceae sp. 3

X

  

1

1

Lauraceae

Lauraceae sp. 4

X

1

  

1

Lecythidaceae

Eschweilera mattos-silvae S.A. Mori

EBA

 

1

5

6

Lecythidaceae

Eschweilera ovata Mart. ex Miers

DAA

3

1

2

6

Lecythidaceae

Lecythis lurida (Miers) S.A. Mori

DAA

1

3

2

6

Lecythidaceae

Lecythis pisonis Cambess.

DAA

 

1

2

3

Loganiaceae

Strychnos romeu-belemii Prance

EBA

  

1

1

Malvaceae

Eriotheca globosa (Aubl.) A. Robyns

X

 

2

3

5

Malvaceae

Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns

WSA

6

5

13

24

Malvaceae

Sterculia excelsa Mart.

DAA

1

  

1

Melastomataceae

Henriettea succosa (Aubl.) DC.

WSA

1

1

5

7

Melastomataceae

Miconia hypoleuca Triana

WSA

1

  

1

Melastomataceae

Miconia lurida (Miers) S.A. Mori

EEB

  

2

2

Melastomataceae

Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams

WSA

 

1

6

7

Melastomataceae

Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC.

WSA

3

  

3

Melastomataceae

Miconia pyrifolia Naudin

DAA

1

  

1

Melastomataceae

Mouriri regeliana Cogn.

EBA

3

1

2

6

Melastomataceae

Melastomataceae sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Meliaceae

Guarea blanchetii C. DC.

EBA

2

1

1

4

Meliaceae

Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer

WSA

1

1

 

2

Meliaceae

Guarea kunthiana A. Juss.

WSA

  

1

1

Meliaceae

Trichilia lepidota Mart.

WSA

 

2

 

2

Meliaceae

Trichilia ramalhoi Rizzini

EBA

 

1

2

3

Moraceae

Brosimum guianense Huber ex Ducke

DAA

4

3

1

8

Moraceae

Brosimum rubescens Taub.

DAA

1

1

2

4

Moraceae

Ficus gomelleira Kunth & Bouche

X

  

1

1

Moraceae

Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby

DAA

21

1

3

25

Moraceae

Sorocea guilleminiana Gaud.

WSA

5

1

 

6

Moraceae

Sorocea hilarii Gaud.

EEB

1

  

1

Myristicaceae

Virola gardneri Warb.

EEB

3

2

1

6

Myristicaceae

Virola officinalis Warb.

EBA

2

1

1

4

Myrsinaceae

Cybianthus cf. densiflorus Miq.

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Calyptranthes grandifolia O. Berg

X

1

1

 

2

Myrtaceae

Eugenia cf. ayacuchae Steyerm.

X

1

 

2

3

Myrtaceae

Eugenia cf. longifolia DC.

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia cf. magnifica Spring. ex Mart.

X

 

1

2

3

Myrtaceae

Eugenia cf. pruniformis Cambess.

X

1

1

 

2

Myrtaceae

Eugenia cf. rostrata O. Berg

X

3

  

3

Myrtaceae

Eugenia itacarensis Mattos

EBA

1

 

2

3

Myrtaceae

Eugenia mandiocensis O. Berg

X

2

1

 

3

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 2

X

 

1

3

4

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 3

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 4

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 5

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 6

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 7

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Eugenia sp. 8

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Gomidesia fenzliana O. Berg

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Gomidesia langsdorffii O. Berg

X

1

1

 

2

Myrtaceae

Gomidesia sp. 1

X

2

3

 

5

Myrtaceae

Gomidesia sp. 2

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Marlierea cf. schottiana O. Berg

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Marlierea tomentosa Cambess.

X

2

2

3

7

Myrtaceae

Myrcia acuminatissima O. Berg

WSA

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia bicolor Kiaersk.

X

2

  

2

Myrtaceae

Myrcia cf. fallax DC.

WSA

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia cf. gigantea O. Berg

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia cf. multiflora DC.

X

 

2

 

2

Myrtaceae

Myrcia pubiflora DC.

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 1

X

1

3

 

4

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 2

X

 

2

 

2

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 3

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 4

X

  

4

4

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 5

X

1

 

1

2

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 6

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 7

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrcia sp. 8

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 1

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 2

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 3

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 4

X

2

 

1

3

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 5

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 6

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 7

X

 

2

 

2

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 8

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 9

X

 

4

 

4

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 10

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 11

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 12

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 13

X

1

1

1

3

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 14

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 15

X

1

1

 

2

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 16

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 17

X

  

2

2

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 18

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 19

X

2

 

1

3

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 20

X

 

1

 

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 21

X

1

  

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 22

X

  

1

1

Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae sp. 23

X

1

  

1

Nyctaginaceae

Guapira laxiflora (Choisy) Lundell

EBA

  

1

1

Nyctaginaceae

Guapira nitida (Mart. ex J.A. Schmidt.) Lundell

X

2

4

8

14

Nyctaginaceae

Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz

WSA

 

6

4

10

Nyctaginaceae

Neea floribunda Poepp. & Endl.

WSA

 

1

 

1

Ochnaceae

Elvasia tricarpellata Sastre

EBA

 

2

1

3

Ochnaceae

Ouratea gigantophylla Sastre

EBA

1

  

1

Ochnaceae

Ouratea sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Olacaceae

Aptandra tubicina Benth. ex Miers

DAA

4

 

1

5

Olacaceae

Heisteria sp. 1

X

 

1

1

2

Phyllanthaceae

Amanoa guianensis Aubl.

WSA

 

3

2

5

Phyllanthaceae

Margaritaria nobilis L.f.

WSA

 

2

1

3

Picramniaceae

Picramnia glazioviana Engl.

EEB

 

1

 

1

Polygonaceae

Coccoloba ilheensis Wedd.

DAA

  

2

2

Polygonaceae

Polygonaceae sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Putrangivaceae

Drypetes cf. sessiliflora Allem.

EEB

 

2

2

4

Quiinaceae

Quiina glaziovii Engl.

EEB

1

  

1

Rubiaceae

Alseis floribunda Schott

WSA

  

1

1

Rubiaceae

Cordiera bahiensis C. Persson & P. G. Delprete

X

1

2

1

4

Rubiaceae

Coussarea contracta (Walp.) Benth. & Hook. ex Müll.Arg.

X

4

1

2

7

Rubiaceae

Faramea monantha Müll.Arg.

X

  

1

1

Rubiaceae

Faramea sp. 1

X

 

2

 

2

Rubiaceae

Malanea macrophylla Bartl.

WSA

 

1

 

1

Rubiaceae

Psychotria mapourioides DC.

WSA

  

1

1

Rubiaceae

Psychotria schlechtendaliana Müll. Arg.

X

 

3

8

11

Rubiaceae

Psychotria vellosiana Benth.

X

1

  

1

Rubiaceae

Randia armata (Sw.) DC.

WSA

 

2

1

3

Rubiaceae

Rudgea crassifolia Zappi & E. Lucas

X

1

2

 

3

Rubiaceae

Rudgea sp. 1

X

 

6

 

6

Rubiaceae

Rudgea sp. 2

X

  

1

1

Rubiaceae

Simira sp. 1

X

3

 

1

4

Rutaceae

Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl.

X

  

1

1

Rutaceae

Hortia brasiliana Vand ex DC.

EEB

1

  

1

Rutaceae

Pilocarpus riedelianus Engl.

EEB

  

3

3

Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum sp. 1

X

 

1

 

1

Salicaceae

Banara kuhlmannii (Sleumer) Sleumer

EBA

1

  

1

Salicaceae

Casearia bahiensis Sleumer

EEB

 

1

 

1

Salicaceae

Casearia commersoniana Cambess.

WSA

 

2

2

4

Salicaceae

Casearia oblongifolia Cambess.

EEB

  

1

1

Sapindaceae

Allophylus cf. membranifolius Radlk.

X

  

1

1

Sapindaceae

Cupania racemosa Radlk.

X

 

1

1

2

Sapindaceae

Cupania cf. scrobiculata Rich.

X

  

1

1

Sapindaceae

Cupania sp. 1

X

1

6

 

7

Sapindaceae

Talisia cupularis Radlk.

DAA

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichl.) Engl.

WSA

2

  

2

Sapotaceae

Diplöon cuspidatum (Hoehne) Cronquist

WSA

1

1

1

3

Sapotaceae

Ecclinusa ramiflora Mart.

WSA

6

3

5

14

Sapotaceae

Manilkara longifolia (A. DC.) Dubard

EBA

 

1

 

1

Sapotaceae

Manilkara maxima T.D. Penn.

EBA

 

5

 

5

Sapotaceae

Manilkara sp. 1

X

  

1

1

Sapotaceae

Micropholis compta Pierre ex Glaz.

EEB

1

 

1

2

Sapotaceae

Micropholis guyanensis Pierre

WSA

2

1

1

4

Sapotaceae

Pouteria bilocularis (H.J.P. Winkl.) Baehni

DAA

1

1

 

2

Sapotaceae

Pouteria butyrocarpa (Kuhlm.) T.D. Penn.

EBA

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pouteria cf. bangii (Rusby) T.D. Penn.

DAA

1

1

 

2

Sapotaceae

Pouteria cuspidata (A. DC.) Baehni

DAA

 

1

2

3

Sapotaceae

Pouteria procera (Mart.) T.D. Penn.

DAA

 

4

1

5

Sapotaceae

Pouteria cf. reticulata (Engl.) Eyma

EEB

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 2

X

 

3

1

4

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 3

X

5

  

5

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 4

X

  

1

1

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 5

X

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 6

X

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pouteria sp. 7

X

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk.

EEB

1

  

1

Sapotaceae

Pradosia cf. subverticillata Ducke

X

1

1

 

2

Sapotaceae

Unidentified

X

  

1

1

Simaroubaceae

Simaba floribunda A. St.-Hil.

X

1

  

1

Siparunaceae

Siparuna guianensis Aubl.

WSA

1

  

1

Solanaceae

Brunfelsia clandestina Plowman

EBA

  

1

1

Urticaceae

Coussapoa pachyphylla R.W.A.P. Akkermans & C.C. Berg.

EBA

1

  

1

Urticaceae

Pourouma guianensis Aubl. subsp. guianensis

DAA

3

 

1

4

Urticaceae

Pourouma mollis Trec.

DAA

1

  

1

Urticaceae

Pourouma velutina Mart. ex Miq.

DAA

2

1

3

6

Verbenaceae

Vitex orinocensis Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth

X

  

1

1

Violaceae

Paypayrola blanchetiana Tul.

EEB

1

3

4

8

Violaceae

Rinorea guianensis Aubl.

WSA

1

5

5

11

Vochysiaceae

Qualea sp. 1

X

1

 

1

2

Vochysiaceae

Vochysia riedeliana Stafleu

EBA

2

 

1

3

Vochysiaceae

Vochysia sp. 1

X

1

  

1

Unidentified

Unidentified

X

  

1

1

 

Total

 

254

263

253

770

  1. Family classification is according to APG II (2003) Sites: Old-growth forest (OGF); Old logged forest (OLF); Recently logged forest (RLF). Endemism level: endemic to a restrict region (Bahia and Espírito Santo states) within Brazilian Atlantic Forest (EBA); Endemic to Eastern Brazil (Atlantic Forest) (EEB); Widespread South America (WSA); Disjunct between Atlantic Forest and Amazonia (DAA); Unclassified (X)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martini, A.M.Z., Fiaschi, P., Amorim, A.M. et al. A hot-point within a hot-spot: a high diversity site in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Biodivers Conserv 16, 3111–3128 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9166-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9166-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation