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Genetic Influences on Response to Novel Objects and Dimensions of Personality in Papio Baboons

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Abstract

Behavioral variation within and between populations and species of the genus Papio has been studied extensively, but little is known about the genetic causes of individual- or population-level differences. This study investigates the influence of genetic variation on personality (sometimes referred to as temperament) in baboons and identifies a candidate gene partially responsible for the variation in that phenotype. To accomplish these goals, we examined individual variation in response to both novel objects and an apparent novel social partner (using a mirror test) among pedigreed baboons (n = 578) from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. We investigated the frequency and duration of individual behaviors in response to novel objects and used multivariate factor analysis to identify trait-like dimensions of personality. Exploratory factor analysis identified two distinct dimensions of personality within this population. Factor 1 accounts for 46.8 % of the variance within the behavioral matrix, and consists primarily of behaviors related to the “boldness” of the subject. Factor 2 accounts for 18.8 % of the variation, and contains several “anxiety” like behaviors. Several specific behaviors, and the two personality factors, were significantly heritable, with the factors showing higher heritability than most individual behaviors. Subsequent analyses show that the behavioral reactions observed in the test protocol are associated with animals’ social behavior observed later in their home social groups. Finally we used linkage analysis to map quantitative trait loci for the measured phenotypes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in a positional candidate gene (SNAP25) are associated with variation in one of the personality factors, and CSF levels of homovanillic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. This study documents heritable variation in personality among baboons and suggests that sequence variation in SNAP25 may influence differences in behavior and neurochemistry in these nonhuman primates.

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Conflict of interest

Zachary Johnson, Linda Brent, Juan Carlos Alvarenga, Anthony G. Comuzzie, Wendy Shelledy, Stephanie Ramirez, Laura Cox, Michael C. Mahaney, Yung-Yu Huang, J. John Mann, Jay R. Kaplan, and Jeffrey Rogers declare that they have no conflict of interest. This research was funded by National Institutes of Health grant R01-MH65462 to Jeffrey Rogers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Zachary Johnson

  2. Department of Comparative Medicine, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Linda Brent

  3. Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Juan Carlos Alvarenga, Anthony G. Comuzzie, Wendy Shelledy, Laura Cox & Michael C. Mahaney

  4. Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Stephanie Ramirez

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Yung-Yu Huang & J. John Mann

  6. Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Jay R. Kaplan

  7. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Jeffrey Rogers

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  1. Zachary Johnson
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  2. Linda Brent
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  3. Juan Carlos Alvarenga
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  7. Laura Cox
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  8. Michael C. Mahaney
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  9. Yung-Yu Huang
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  10. J. John Mann
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  11. Jay R. Kaplan
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  12. Jeffrey Rogers
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Correspondence to Jeffrey Rogers.

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Johnson, Z., Brent, L., Alvarenga, J.C. et al. Genetic Influences on Response to Novel Objects and Dimensions of Personality in Papio Baboons. Behav Genet 45, 215–227 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-014-9702-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-014-9702-6

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