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Empirical vulnerability assessment of the non-engineered reinforced concrete structures using the Kashmir earthquake damage data

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Abstract

Few empirical seismic vulnerability curves exist for non-engineered reinforced concrete buildings in developing countries, and this is particularly true for the South Asian countries. This category of buildings is widespread and is highly vulnerable, since the buildings suffer from serious problems due to poor design and construction and are prone to collapse in moderate earthquakes. In this paper, building damage data from the Kashmir earthquake (2005), Pakistan are utilized to develop empirical vulnerability curves for the non-engineered reinforced concrete structures in the region. In order to develop empirical vulnerability curves, a damage probability matrix was defined and its elements corresponding to damage ratio of different damage states are used to evaluate the mean damage ratio. The developed curve show abrupt damage accumulation at relatively small values of peak ground acceleration. The findings of mean damage ratio as a function of peak ground acceleration are compared with the most relevant existing empirical and judgmental vulnerability curves to show the severity of damage in non-engineered reinforced concrete structures of that region and to validate for use in risk assessment studies.

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Acknowledgments

The first author acknowledges the financial support provided by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan to conduct this research as a part of development of analytical seismic vulnerability assessment framework for reinforced concrete structures of developing countries. Moreover, the first author also acknowledges the UNDP (Pakistan) for providing the Kashmir earthquake damage data and building inventory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK

    Sohaib Ahmad & Kypros Pilakoutas

  2. National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Shaukat Ali Khan

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

    Qaiser Uz Zaman Khan

Authors
  1. Sohaib Ahmad
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  2. Shaukat Ali Khan
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  3. Kypros Pilakoutas
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  4. Qaiser Uz Zaman Khan
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Correspondence to Sohaib Ahmad.

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Ahmad, S., Khan, S.A., Pilakoutas, K. et al. Empirical vulnerability assessment of the non-engineered reinforced concrete structures using the Kashmir earthquake damage data. Bull Earthquake Eng 13, 2611–2628 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9735-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9735-0

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