Abstract
The efficiency of strengthening traditionally built three-leaf stone masonry walls with different types of composite reinforced coating has been investigated. Glass fibre grid in single component fibre reinforced mortar and glass fibre fabric in epoxy resin matrix were used as coating materials. Four different coating types have been applied, with coating placed on one or both sides of the walls, anchored or not anchored to the masonry at the corners of the walls. Ten walls have been tested by subjecting them to cyclic shear loading at constant precompression, among them two walls in the original state as the control specimens. Four walls have been first tested up to the occurrence of the first significant damage, strengthened and then re-tested up to collapse, whereas four walls have been strengthened undamaged and tested up to collapse. All walls failed in shear. Significant increase in lateral resistance with regard to control walls was observed in all cases, up to 2.5–4.0-times the resistance of the control walls. The degree of improvement did not depend on the type of coating but on the technology of application. Although the coating increased the rigidity of the walls, displacement and energy dissipation capacities have been also improved.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benedetti D, Pezzoli P (1996) Shaking table tests on masonry buildings. Results and comments,Research report, ISMES Seriate-Bergamo, Italy
Dolce M, Massi A, Goretti A (1999) Damage to buildings due to 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquake. In: Bernardini A (ed) Seismic damage to masonry buildings: proceedings of the international workshop on measures of seismic damage to masonry buildings. Balkema, Rotterdam
ElGawady M, Lestuzzi P, Badoux M (2006) Shear strength of URM walls retrofitted using FRP. Eng Struct 28:1658–1670
Grünthal G (ed) (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998. European Seismological Commission, Luxemburg
Konthesingha C, Masia M, Petersen R, Mojsilović N, Simundic G, Page A (2010) Cyclic in-plane shear behaviour of unreinforced masonry panels retrofitted with fibre reinforced polymer strips. In: Jäger W, Haseltine B, Fried A (eds) Proceedings of the 8th international masonry conference (Proceedings of the British Masonry Society, No. 11). CD-ROM paper D-158. International Masonry Society, Dresden
Schwegler G (1995) Masonry construction strengthened with fiber composites in seismically endangered zones. In: Duma G (ed) Proceedings of the 10th European conference on earthquake engineering. Balkeman, Rotterdam, pp 2299–2303
Tomaževič M, Lutman M, Velechovsky T (1993) Aseismic strengthening of old stone-masonry buildings: Is the replacement of wooden floors with R. C. slabs always necessary? Eur Earthq Eng 7(2):34–46
Tomaževič M, Apih V (1993) The strengthening of stone-masonry walls by injecting the masonry-friendly grouts. Eur Earthq Eng 7(1):10–20
Tomaževič M, Klemenc I, Lutman M (1999) In situ tests of walls and seismic resistance of stone masonry buildings in the region of Bovec. Gradbeni vestnik 48(8–9–10):198–208 (in Slovene)
Tomaževič M (1999) Earthquake-resistant design of masonry buildings. Imperial College Press, London
Tomaževič M, Klemenc I, Lutman M (2000) In situ tests for the assessment of seismic resistance of old stone-masonry houses. In: Proceedings of the 12th World conference on earthquake engineering, Auckland, New Zeland, paper 1975, CD ROM. New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering
Tomaževič M, Žnidarič A, Klemenc I, Lavrič I (2002) The influence of traffic induced vibrations on seismic resistance of historic stone masonry buildings. In: Proceedings of the twelfth European conference on earthquake engineering, paper 631, CD ROM. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Tomaževič M, Lutman M (2007) Heritage masonry buildings in urban settlements and the requirements of Eurocodes: the experience of Slovenia. Int J Archit Herit 1(1):108–130
Tomaževič M, Gams M, Berset T (2011) Strengthening of historic brick masonry walls with GFRP coating. In: Schultz A, Weeks JS, Bigelow O, Bean Popehn J (eds) Transforming traditions, proceedings of the 11th North American Masonry conference. The Masonry Society, The University of Minnesota, pp 1427–1438
Triantafillou TC, Fardis MN (1997) Strengthening of historic masonry structures with composite materials. Mat Struct 30:486–496
Uranjek M, Žarnić R, Bokan-Bosiljkov V (2010) Design of Mortars and Grouts for Restoration and Strengthening of Historic Buildings. In: Valek J (ed) Proccedings of the 2nd historic mortars conference and RILEM TC 203-RHM repair mortars for hystoric masonry final workshop. RILEM Proceedings PRO 78, Prague, pp 1219–1227
Vintzileou E (2007) Grouting of three-leaf stone masonry: types of grouts, mechanical properties of masonry before and after grouting. In: Lourenço PB, Roca P, Modena C, Agrawal S (eds) Structural analysis of historical constructions: proceedings of the 5th international conference on structural analysis of historical constructions. MacMillan India, Delhi, pp 41–58
Acknowledgments
The research, presented in this paper, was carried out within the framework of the applied research project L2-0578, financed by Slovenian Research Agency and co-financed by the Sika d.o.o., Prevale, Slovenia, branch company of Sika AG, Switzerland. It was also part of the research program P2-0273 Civil engineering structures and materials, financed by the same Agency.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tomaževič, M., Gams, M. & Berset, T. Strengthening of stone masonry walls with composite reinforced coatings. Bull Earthquake Eng 13, 2003–2027 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9697-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9697-7