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Evaluation of the effects of probiotics in controlling bacterial necrosis symptoms in larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata during mass seed production

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Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the practicability of probiotics in controlling larval necrosis symptoms and mass mortality occurred during seed production of the mud crab Scylla serrata. We targeted a bacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae that causes necrosis symptoms of mud crab larvae. Five candidate probiotic bacterial strains, which showed inhibitory effects against the causative bacterium but were innocuous to larvae, were screened from the seed production environment. Sterile culture medium supernatants of the candidate strains inhibited the causative bacterium through the secretion of extracellular factors. These inhibitory effects were largely reduced when the strains were inoculated into sea water, suggesting medium-dependent production of inhibitory factors. The strain that exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on larval necrosis in 7-day larval rearing experiments was selected as a probiotic strain. In large-scale larval rearing experiments, the probiotic treatment significantly suppressed larval necrosis symptoms and improved larval survival in the early rearing period until the fourth zoeal stage. However, the effect disappeared after the fifth (last) zoeal stage, corresponding to a decrease in inoculated probiotic bacterial counts in the larval rearing water. Almost all larvae had died by the first crab stage. The effectiveness of probiotics developed in vitro has not yet proved practical in commercial-scale seed production. The continuous proliferation of probiotic bacteria and extracellular production as inhibitory factors in larval rearing water are the key factors in developing probiotics for commercial-scale seed production.

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Abbreviations

C1:

First-stage crab

cfu:

Colony-forming unit

DAH:

Days after hatching

MA:

Marine agar

MB:

Marine broth

MG:

Megalopa

NFS-Na:

Sodium nifurstyrenate

Z1–Z5:

First- to fifth-stage zoeae

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Acknowledgments

We thank Motohiko Sano for help with the isolation of causative bacteria. We also thank the staff of the Yaeyama Laboratory of the Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Japan, for supporting our laboratory work. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that have improved the manuscript substantially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tamano Laboratory, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Chikko, Tamano, Okayama, 706-0002, Japan

    Shigeki Dan

  2. Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan

    Katsuyuki Hamasaki

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  1. Shigeki Dan
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Correspondence to Katsuyuki Hamasaki.

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Dan, S., Hamasaki, K. Evaluation of the effects of probiotics in controlling bacterial necrosis symptoms in larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata during mass seed production. Aquacult Int 23, 277–296 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9815-1

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