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Coefficient of Friction Patterns Can Identify Damage in Native and Engineered Cartilage Subjected to Frictional-Shear Stress

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Abstract

The mechanical loading environment encountered by articular cartilage in situ makes frictional-shear testing an invaluable technique for assessing engineered cartilage. Despite the important information that is gained from this testing, it remains under-utilized, especially for determining damage behavior. Currently, extensive visual inspection is required to assess damage; this is cumbersome and subjective. Tools to simplify, automate, and remove subjectivity from the analysis may increase the accessibility and usefulness of frictional-shear testing as an evaluation method. The objective of this study was to determine if the friction signal could be used to detect damage that occurred during the testing. This study proceeded in two phases: first, a simplified model of biphasic lubrication that does not require knowledge of interstitial fluid pressure was developed. In the second phase, frictional-shear tests were performed on 74 cartilage samples, and the simplified model was used to extract characteristic features from the friction signals. Using support vector machine classifiers, the extracted features were able to detect damage with a median accuracy of approximately 90%. The accuracy remained high even in samples with minimal damage. In conclusion, the friction signal acquired during frictional-shear testing can be used to detect resultant damage to a high level of accuracy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH NIDCR grant number R01 DE015322 (J.E.D.), and NIH NIAMS Grant Number P01 AR053622 (J.M.M), and under the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32 AR007505 from the NIH NIAMS (G.A.W.).

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None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden, Room 319, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    G. A. Whitney & J. E. Dennis

  2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Glennan Building, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH, USA

    J. M. Mansour

  3. Benaroya Research Institute, Matrix Biology Program, 1201 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA

    G. A. Whitney

  4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge, Ste. 10A (281), Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    J. E. Dennis

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  1. G. A. Whitney
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  2. J. M. Mansour
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Correspondence to J. E. Dennis.

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Associate Editor Eric M. Darling oversaw the review of this article.

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Whitney, G.A., Mansour, J.M. & Dennis, J.E. Coefficient of Friction Patterns Can Identify Damage in Native and Engineered Cartilage Subjected to Frictional-Shear Stress. Ann Biomed Eng 43, 2056–2068 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1269-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1269-8

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