Skip to main content
Log in

Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung

Fortschritte in den letzten 10 Jahren und Perspektiven für die weitere Entwicklung

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Advances in the last decade and perspectives for future development

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Neuere Daten zur Epidemiologie der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) haben gezeigt, dass in Deutschland mehr als 10 % der über 40-Jährigen an einer COPD leiden. Trotz intensiver Forschungsbemühungen ist die Pathogenese nur unzureichend verstanden, so dass die Entwicklung krankheitsspezifischer Therapiekonzepte immer noch schwierig ist. Für die Diagnostik der COPD bleibt der lungenfunktionsanalytische Nachweis einer obstruktiven Ventilationsstörung der entscheidende Faktor; gleichzeitig gewinnt die technisch verbesserte Computertomographie der Lunge immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die inhalativ zu verabreichenden Wirkstoffe Indacaterol, Glycopyrronium und Aclidinium haben als lang wirksame Bronchodilatatoren die Zulassung zur Behandlung der COPD erhalten. Mit der Einführung des selektiven Phosphodiesterase-4-Inhibitors Roflumilast erfolgte erstmals eine phänotypspezifische Zulassung (COPD mit chronischer Bronchitis und häufigen Exazerbationen), die primär auf der Senkung der Exazerbationsrate beruhte. Eine große Herausforderung der Zukunft besteht in der Entwicklung neuer therapeutischer Algorithmen, die neben der Lungenfunktion auch die Parameter Symptome, Exazerbationsrate, Komorbiditäten und andere patientenrelevante Parameter berücksichtigen.

Abstract

Recent data on the epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have indicated that COPD affects more than 10 % of the German population in the age group over 40 years old. Despite intensive research efforts the pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood which makes the development of disease-specific therapeutic approaches a real challenge. The detection of airflow limitation by lung function remains the cornerstone of the diagnosis, while technically enhanced computed tomography is gaining importance. The long-acting bronchodilators indacaterol, glycopyrronium and aclidinium have been approved for COPD treatment. Furthermore, the introduction of the selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast is the first example of a phenotype-specific approval (COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and frequent exacerbations), which was based primarily on reduction of exacerbation rates. A future challenge is the development of therapeutic algorithms which take not only lung function into account but also symptoms, exacerbation rate, comorbidities and other patient-relevant parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1

Literatur

  1. Vogelmeier C, Buhl R, Criée CP et al (2007) Leitlinie der Deutschen Atemwegsliga und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Bronchitis und Lungenemphysem (COPD). Pneumologie 61:e1–e40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2013 (2013) Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. http://www.goldcopd.org/. Zugegriffen: 15. Apr. 2013

  3. Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L et al (2012) Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 7:457–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM et al (2007) International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 370:741–750

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Geldmacher H, Biller H, Herbst A et al (2008) The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Germany. Results of the BOLD study. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 133:2609–2614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C et al (2006) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J 27:397–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D et al (2013) 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 368:351–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. MacNe W, Rahman I (2001) Is oxidative stress central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Trends Mol Med 7:55–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Savale L, Chaouat A, Bastuji-Garin S et al (2009) Shortened telomeres in circulating leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179:566–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Finkel T, Deng CX, Mostoslavsky R (2009) Recent progress in the biology and physiology of sirtuins. Nature 460:587–591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nakamaru Y, Vuppusetty C, Wada H et al (2009) A protein deacetylase SIRT1 is a negative regulator of metalloproteinase-9. FASEB J 23:2810–2819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee SH, Goswami S, Grudo A et al (2007) Antielastin autoimmunity in tobacco smoking-induced emphysema. Nat Med 13:567–569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Deesomchok A, Webb KA, Forkert L et al (2010) Lung hyperinflation and its reversibility in patients with airway obstruction of varying severity. COPD 7:428–437

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Barr RG, Bluemke DA, Ahmed FS et al (2010) Percent emphysema, airflow obstruction, and impaired left ventricular filling. N Engl J Med 362:217–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T et al (2010) Decreasing cardiac chamber sizes and associated heart dysfunction in COPD: role of hyperinflation. Chest 138:32–38

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Parr DG, Dirksen A, Piitulainen E et al (2009) Exploring the optimum approach to the use of CT densitometry in a randomised placebo-controlled study of augmentation therapy in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Respir Res 10:75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Galbán CJ, Han MK, Boes JL et al (2012) Computed tomography-based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progression. Nat Med 18:1711–1715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Donohue JF, Fogarty C, Lötvall J et al (2010) Once-daily bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: indacaterol versus tiotropium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182:155–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kerwin E, Hébert J, Gallagher N et al (2012) Efficacy and safety of NVA237 versus placebo and tiotropium in patients with COPD: the GLOW2 study. Eur Respir J 40:1106–1114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fuhr R, Magnussen H, Sarem K et al (2012) Efficacy of aclidinium bromide 400 mug twice daily compared with placebo and tiotropium in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Chest 141:745–752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fabbri LM, Calverley PM, Izquierdo-Alonso JL et al (2009) Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with longacting bronchodilators: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet 374:695–703

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V et al (2013) 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. N Engl J Med 368:341–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pirie K, Peto R, Reeves GK et al (2013) The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet 381:133–141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Andreas S, Batra A, Behr J et al (2008) Guidelines for smoking cessation in patients with COPD issued by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin. Pneumologie 62:255–272

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gloeckl R, Heinzelmann I, Baeuerle S et al (2012) Effects of whole body vibration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a randomized controlled trial. Respir Med 106:75–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Puhan MA, Gimeno-Santos E, Scharplatz M et al (2011) Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD005305

    Google Scholar 

  27. Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli B et al (2010) Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respir Res 11:122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A et al (2010) Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 363:1128–1138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Han M, Muellerova H, Curran-Everett D et al (2012) GOLD 2011 disease severity classification in COPDGene: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 1:43–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Lange P, Marott JL, Vestbo J et al (2012) Prediction of the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using the new GOLD classification: a study of the general population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:975–981

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM et al (2004) The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 350:1005–1012

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T et al (2009) Physical activity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 33:262–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Waschki B, Kirsten A, Holz O et al (2011) Physical activity is the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with COPD: a prospective cohort study. Chest 140:331–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mahler DA, D’Urzo A, Bateman ED et al (2012) Concurrent use of indacaterol plus tiotropium in patients with COPD provides superior bronchodilation compared with tiotropium alone: a randomised, double-blind comparison. Thorax 67:781–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Hood L, Flores M (2012) A personal view on systems medicine and the emergence of proactive P4 medicine: predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory. N Biotechnol 29:613–624

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist für sich und seine Koautoren auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Interessenkonflikt C. Vogelmeier: Mitgliedschaft in Advisory Boards der Firmen Astra Zeneca, Boehringer, Chiesi, Glaxo Smith Kline, Janssen-Cilag, Mundipharma, Novartis, Nycomed, Pfizer, Sterna, Talecris/Grifols sowie Vortragstätigkeiten für Astra Zeneca, Boehringer, Chiesi, Glaxo Smith Kline, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Nycomed, Pfizer und Talecris/Grifols und Drittmittel für Aufbau und Unterhalt eines α-1-Antitrypsinlabors durch die Fa. Talecris/Grifols. Interessenkonflikt T. Greulich: Mitgliedschaft in Advisory Boards der Firmen Novartis, Talecris/Grifols sowie Vortragstätigkeiten und Reiseunterstützung für Berlin-Chemie, Chiesi, Glaxo Smith Kline, Novartis, Talecris/Grifols und Drittmittel für Aufbau und Unterhalt eines α-1-Antitrypsinlabors durch die Fa. Talecris/Grifols.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Greulich.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Greulich, T., Worth, H. & Vogelmeier, C. Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung. Pneumologe 10 (Suppl 1), 10–15 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-012-0644-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-012-0644-5

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation