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Klinik und Diagnostik des malignen Pleuramesothelioms

Clinical findings and diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma

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Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Das maligne Pleuramesotheliom ist ein seltener Tumor mit schlechter Prognose. In den nächsten Jahren muss mit einer steigenden Inzidenz gerechnet werden. Der Großteil der Pleuramesotheliome wird erst im fortgeschrittenen Stadium diagnostiziert. Typischerweise klagen die Patienten über progrediente Dyspnoe und thorakale Schmerzen. Mittels CT oder MRT können neben einem Pleuraerguss solide pleurale Gewebsvermehrungen und diffuse Pleuraverdickungen dargestellt werden. Dennoch haben beide Untersuchungsverfahren erhebliche Limitationen. Die Diagnose kann nur histologisch-immunhistochemisch an ausreichend großen Gewebeproben gestellt werden. Hier gilt die videoassistierte Thorakoskopie als Goldstandard. Aufgrund der Heterogenität des Tumors ist die Differenzialdiagnose schwierig, insbesondere in Abgrenzung zum Adenokarzinom. Neben benignen Veränderungen müssen sekundäre pleurale Neoplasien bei anderen Tumorentitäten abgegrenzt werden.

Abstract

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. However, an increase in its incidence is to be expected in coming years. The majority of pleural mesotheliomas are diagnosed when they are already at an advanced stage. Patients typically complain of progressive dyspnea and chest pains. In addition to pleural effusions, CT or MRI are able to identify solid pleural tissue formation and diffuse pleural thickening. Nevertheless, both examination procedures have significant limitations. A diagnosis can only be obtained histologically and immunohistochemically using tissue probes of sufficient size. Video-assisted thoracoscopy is considered the gold standard. Due to the heterogeneity of this tumor, the differential diagnosis is complex, particularly its differentiation from adenocarcinoma. In addition to benign lesions, secondary pleural neoplasms need to be distinguished from other tumor entities.

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Abbreviations

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

ERS / ESTS:

European Respiratory Society / European Society of Thoracic Surgeons

IMIG:

International Mesothelioma Interest Group

MPM:

Malignes Pleuramesotheliom

MRT:

Magnetresonanztomographie

PET:

Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie

UICC:

International Union Against Cancer

VATS:

Videoassistierte Thorakoskopie

WHO:

Weltgesundheitsorganisation

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Sackmann, S. Klinik und Diagnostik des malignen Pleuramesothelioms. Pneumologe 7, 19–27 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-009-0349-6

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