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Anomalous phenomena in pressure drops of water flows through micro-orifices

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Abstract

Pressure drops were measured for high-velocity water flows through micro-orifices of various diameters. The observed pressure drop values agreed well with the values predicted by the Navier–Stokes equation for 400 and 100 μm diameter orifices, but were lower than the predicted values for orifices less than 50 μm in diameter. In particular, the measured pressure drop value was almost two orders of magnitude lower than the predicted value for the 10 and 5 μm diameter orifices. Several factors that may cause a reduction in pressure drop were considered, including orifice shape and deformation of the orifice foil, but none proved to be significant enough to cause such a large reduction. Elastic stress in orifice flow appeared to be the most plausible cause of the pressure drop reduction. The elastic stress, which was estimated by the jet thrust method, was found to be dependent on the mean velocity passing through the micro-orifices, which strongly supported the elasticity of water flows.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Mr. Ryuichi Kayaba, Mr. Masanao Takahashi, Mr. Hiroteru Haruyama, Mr. Takehiro Hoshina, Mr. Shouta Kudou, Mr. Masato Kawami, and Mr. Hiroshige Uchiyama for assistance in the experiments. We also thank the CFIL members of Niigata University for helpful comments and suggestions. A part of this study was financially supported by Grant for Promotion of Niigata University Research Projects.

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  1. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050-2 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan

    Akiomi Ushida, Tomiichi Hasegawa & Takatsune Narumi

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  1. Akiomi Ushida
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  2. Tomiichi Hasegawa
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  3. Takatsune Narumi
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Correspondence to Akiomi Ushida.

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Ushida, A., Hasegawa, T. & Narumi, T. Anomalous phenomena in pressure drops of water flows through micro-orifices. Microfluid Nanofluid 17, 863–870 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1362-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1362-6

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