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Depression bei onkologischen PatientInnen

Depression in cancer patients

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Zusammenfassung

KrebspatientInnen leiden oft an depressiven Syndromen bzw. depressiven Störungen. Obwohl bestimmte „Risikophasen“ bekannt sind, in denen depressive Symptome häufiger auftreten können, wie z. B. nach Diagnosestellung, muss betont werden, dass sich diese Symptomatik zu jedem Zeitpunkt im Krankheitsverlauf entwickeln kann. Dazu finden sich sehr unterschiedliche Prävalenzangaben (bis zu 60 %), was neben anderen Faktoren, vor allem die diagnostischen Schwierigkeiten widerspiegelt. Depressive Symptomatik bei KrebspatientInnen wird seitens der behandelnden Onkologen nur in 15–50 % erkannt und zu einem noch geringeren Prozentsatz auch adäquat behandelt. Daraus ergeben sich massive Einbußen für die subjektive Lebensqualität dieser Patientengruppe. Darüber hinaus werden auch objektive Einschränkungen wie verminderte Compliance/Adherence sowie schlechtere Prognose diskutiert. Vor allem ist zu betonen, dass eine depressive Symptomatik ein deutlich höheres Risiko für Suizidalität mit sich bringt.

Obwohl die Anzahl an klinischen Studien zur Behandlung der depressiven Symptomatik bei KrebspatientInnen weder im psychotherapeutischen noch im psychopharmakologischen Bereich groß ist, kann doch von guten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten gesprochen werden.

Abstract

Cancer patients often suffer from major depression or depressive syndromes. Although it is well known that depressive symptoms can appear at any time during the course of an oncological disease, certain periods for instance time after diagnosis carry a higher risk. Reported prevalence rates differ widely (up to 60 %), reflecting also diagnostic difficulties. Oncologists recognize depression in their patients only in 15 to 50 % and the percentage of patients who receive adequate therapy is even lower. Consequently, this leads to a reduced quality of life. Furthermore, impaired compliance/adherence and consequently a poorer prognosis of the oncological disease are discussed in this context. It should be also emphasized, that concomitant depression increases the risk of suicide in cancer patients. Although the number of clinical trials using either psychotherapy or antidepressant medication for the therapy of depression in cancer patients is limited, good therapeutic options are available.

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Interessenkonflikt

B. Sperner-Unterweger gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt in Zusammenhang mit diesem Artikel besteht.

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  1. Department für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich

    Barbara Sperner-Unterweger

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Correspondence to Barbara Sperner-Unterweger.

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Sperner-Unterweger, B. Depression bei onkologischen PatientInnen. Wien Med Wochenschr 165, 297–303 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-015-0363-8

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