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Entwicklung von Übergewicht und Adipositas im jungen Erwachsenenalter – Stellenwert berufsbedingter Veränderungen des Sporttreibens auf Fettmasse, fettfreie Masse und Körpermasse bei Studenten

Overweight and obesity in young adults: relevance of job-related changes of exercise on fat, lean body and body mass in students

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Zusammenfassung

Das junge Erwachsenenalter ist von Veränderungen des Lebensstils geprägt, die in engem Zusammenhang zu einer Gewichtszunahme gesehen werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, berufsbedingte Veränderungen von Gewicht und Körperzusammensetzung bei unterschiedlichen Studentenkollektiven zu evaluieren.

61 Zahnmedizin- (ZMS) und 53 Sportlehramt-Student(inn)en (SLS) wurden zu Studiumsbeginn randomisiert ausgewählt und über 5 Jahre begleitet. Körpermasse und Körperzusammensetzung wurden via DXA-Methode erfasst. Körperliche Aktivität und Sportindizes wurden über Fragebogen evaluiert.

Bei signifikantem Anstieg in der SLS-Gruppe verschlechterten sich sämtliche Sportindizes in der ZMS-Gruppe hochsignifikant um ca. 30–40 %. Die Körpermasse der Studentenkollektive stieg signifikant an (SLS: 2,0 ± 3,6 % vs. ZMS: 3,2 ± 6,2 %; p = ,390). Allerdings erklärt sich die Gewichtszunahme im SLS-Kollektiv über eine Zunahme der fettfreien Körpermasse (SLS: 2,4 ± 3,3 % vs. ZMS: 1,3 ± 3,1 %; p = ,092), während die Gewichtsveränderung im ZMS-Kollektiv überwiegend in einer Zunahme von Körperfett (ZMS: 9,8 ± 22,4 % vs. SLS: 0,1 ± 1,0 %; p = 017) begründet liegt.

Aufrechterhaltung/Intensivierung des Sporttreibens scheint den Effekt ungünstiger Lebensstiländerungen im jungen Erwachsenenalter kompensieren zu können.

Summary

Early adulthood is related to changes in lifestyle that negatively affect body weight and health. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of exercise changes on the development of weight and body composition in college students.

Sixty-one randomly selected dental (ZMS) and 53 sport students (SLS) were accompanied over 5 years. Body mass, fat and lean body mass (LBM) were determined via DXA-technique. Exercise and physical activity were assessed by questionnaires and interviews.

All exercise indices significantly increased in the SLS and significantly decreased in the ZMS. Physical activity slightly increased in both groups. Both cohorts comparably gained body mass, however, the increase in the SLS group can be attributed to LBM-changes with minor changes of fat-mass (2.4 % ± 3.3 % vs. 0.1 ± 1.0 %) whereas ZMS gained fat and LBM in a proportion of 2:1.

Maintenance/increase of exercise compensate the negative effects of lifestyle changes on body composition during young adulthood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Kemmler, Michael Bebenek & Simon von Stengel

  2. Fakultät für Medical and Life Sciences, Universität Furtwangen, Furtwangen, Deutschland

    Matthias Kohl

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  1. Wolfgang Kemmler
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  2. Matthias Kohl
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  4. Simon von Stengel
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Correspondence to Wolfgang Kemmler.

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Kemmler, W., Kohl, M., Bebenek, M. et al. Entwicklung von Übergewicht und Adipositas im jungen Erwachsenenalter – Stellenwert berufsbedingter Veränderungen des Sporttreibens auf Fettmasse, fettfreie Masse und Körpermasse bei Studenten. Wien Med Wochenschr 165, 107–115 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-015-0346-9

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