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Modern and relict foraminiferal biofacies from a carbonate ramp, offshore Kuwait, northwest Persian Gulf

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Abstract

Benthic foraminifera on the northern Persian Gulf carbonate ramp are excellent indicators of the depositional environment. They are moderately diverse, vary in distribution along a depth gradient, and are used to subdivide the ramp of offshore Kuwait. The inner ramp is characterized by a Peneroplis–Elphidium crispum assemblage (<5 m water depth); the mid ramp may be subdivided into a shallower miliolid assemblage (~5.5 m water depth) and a deeper miliolid-Elphidium assemblage (11–18 m); the outer ramp (>18 m) comprises mainly an Asterorotalia–Elphidium assemblage, and the Elphidium–Nonion assemblage. The change from the (porcelaneous-dominated) miliolid mid to (hyaline-dominated) Asterorotalia outer ramp assemblages corresponds with a change in biofacies from clast-supported to mud-supported and the summer thermocline. Agglutinated forms are most common in intermediate depths of 5.5–16 m. Depositional energy, substrate, and possibly temperature are the major factors controlling foraminiferal distribution. Preservation stages include pristine, slightly and heavily damaged, relict, and reworked specimens. Foraminiferal distributions do show general similarities to the Cenozoic carbonate ramp models, however larger benthic foraminifera are rare. Despite these limitations, foraminiferal distribution patterns in the northern Persian Gulf may serve as useful modern analogues for carbonate ramp deposits in shallow marginal and epicontinental seas in the fossil record.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Tony Lomando, ChevronTexaco, and Kuwait Oil Co. for funding a research trip to Kuwait in April 2002. Tony Lomando was also part of the sampling team in Kuwaiti waters. The Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) provided funds for analyzing a part of the samples. Stephen Gallagher and Renata Szarek are acknowledged for their comments and suggestions that have greatly improved the manuscript. Franz Fürsich is thanked for final editorial emendations.

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  1. Justin H. Parker

    Present address: School of Earth and Environment, University of Western, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

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  1. Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Justin H. Parker

  2. Institut für Geowissenschaften, J.W. Goethe-Universität, Altenhoeferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Eberhard Gischler

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Parker, J.H., Gischler, E. Modern and relict foraminiferal biofacies from a carbonate ramp, offshore Kuwait, northwest Persian Gulf. Facies 61, 10 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-015-0437-5

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