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Effects of 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide and Gibberellic Acid on Occurrence of Physiological Disorders and Fruit Quality of ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’ Sweet Cherries

Die Einflüsse von 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide und Gibberellinsäure auf das Auftreten von physiologischen Störungen und auf die Fruchtqualität bei den Süßkirschen-Sorten ‘Summit’ und ‘Regina’

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Abstract

Plant growth regulators play a vital role in fruit growth and development. However, effects of compounds belonging to the group of brassinosteroids have not been fully investigated in sweet cherries. One relatively new and one commonly applied growth regulator, 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide and GA3, respectively, were tested on ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’ sweet cherries to determine the effects on fruit quality and physiological disorders. The substances were applied with a handgun sprayer at full bloom and at the beginning of fruit development (shuck split) for a 2-year period. GA3 was applied at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 mgL−1 and 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mgL−1. A combined application of 100 mgL−1 GA3 + 0.1 mgL−1 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide was also applied. Effects of GA3 and 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide on fruit weight and size were evident for the concentrations applied and between the seasons for both of the cultivars. Combination of the both growth regulators and 100 mgL−1 GA3 alone produced longer fruits compared to the control trees in ‘Regina’. The 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide applications increased the firmness of the flesh slightly, but not to a great degree, compared to the GA3 applications alone. The brightness of the red color was better with GA3 applications in ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’. Brassinosteroid caused the fruits to have comparably dull red color. Total soluble solid contents of the cultivars were influenced by the substances and the year of the application. Stem resistance to separation from the fruit was under the influence of both treatments and seasons. In general, 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide provided better stem resistance than the GA3 applications. There were no effects of the substances on the development of physiological disorders.

Zusammenfassung

Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren spielen eine wesentliche Rolle bei Fruchtwachstum und Fruchtentwicklung. Allerdings sind die Einflüsse der Wirkstoffe, die zur Gruppe der Brassinosteroiden gehören, bei den Süßkirschen noch nicht vollständig erforscht. Ein relativ neuer (22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide) und ein häufig verwendeter Wuchsstoff (GA3) wurden bei den Süßkirschen-Sorten ‘Summit’ und ‘Regina’ getestet, um die Auswirkungen auf die Fruchtqualität und auf physiologische Störungen zu untersuchen. Die Substanzen wurden mit einem Hand-Drucksprühgerät zur Vollblüte und zum Beginn der Fruchtentwicklung (Zellteilungsphase) während eines Zeitraumes von 2 Jahren appliziert. GA3 wurde mit den Konzentrationen 25, 50 und 100 mgL−1 und 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide mit 0,05, 0,1 und 0,5 mgL−1 angewendet. Zusätzlich wurde eine Mischung aus 100 mgL−1 GA3 und 0,1 mgL−1 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide appliziert. Die Einflüsse von GA3 und 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide auf Fruchtgewicht und Größe waren zwischen den Konzentrationen und den Vegtationsperioden bei beiden Sorten offensichtlich. Die Kombination der beiden Wachstumsregulatoren und die Applikation von 100 mgL−1 GA3 führten zu längeren Früchten als auf den Kontrollbäumen von ‘Regina’. 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide-Behandlungen verbesserten die Fruchtfleischfestigkeit leicht, aber nicht in einem so großen Maße, verglichen mit den Behandlungen, die ausschließlich mit GA3 gemacht wurden. Der Glanz der roten Farbe war mit GA3-Behandlungen bei ‘Summit’ und ‘Regina’ besser. Das Brassinosteroid bewirkte bei den Früchten eine vergleichsweise matt-rote Farbe. Der Gehalt an löslicher Trockensubstanz in den Früchten beider Sorten wurde sowohl von den Wirkstoffen als auch vom jeweiligen Jahr der Applikation beeinflusst. Die Stielhaltekraft der Früchte wurde von beiden Wirkstoffen und Vegetationsperioden beeinflusst. Im Allgemeinen bewirkten die 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide-Behandlungen bessere Stielhaltekräfte als die GA3-Behandlungen. Es gab keine Auswirkungen der Wirkstoffe auf die Entstehung physiologischer Störungen.

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Correspondence to Hakan Engin.

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Engin, H., Gokbayrak, Z. & Sakaldas, M. Effects of 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide and Gibberellic Acid on Occurrence of Physiological Disorders and Fruit Quality of ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’ Sweet Cherries. Erwerbs-Obstbau 58, 203–210 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-016-0273-y

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