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Determination of Heat Requirements and Effective Heat Summations of Some Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in Southern Anatolia

Bestimmung des Wärmebedarfs und der effektive benötigten Wärmesumme einiger Granatapfel-Sorten, die in Süd-Anatolien angebaut werden

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Abstract

Temperature (high and low) is one of the most limiting environmental factors for growth and production of fruits in different parts of the world. For temperate-zone fruit species, a certain total heat requirements are needed in order to obtain ripe fruits. The aim of this study was to determine heat requirements of three commercial pomegranate cultivars (‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’) grown in Southern Anatolia region. The cultivars showed a narrower range of heat requirements for flowering (growing degree hours, GDH), i.e. ‘Suruc’ (25,000), ‘Katirbasi’ (25,270), ‘Hicaznar’ (28,000) and a wide range of heat requirements for fruit ripening, i.e. ‘Suruc’ (73,670), ‘Katirbasi’ (74,105) and ‘Hicaznar’ (88,052) GDH. Under the Sanliurfa province conditions, two years average of effective heat summation requirement from bud swelling to 50 % flowering stage for ‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’ cultivars are calculated as 643, 655 and 718 growing degree days (GDD) and from bud swelling to harvest are 2734, 2802 and 3289 GDD. It can be concluded that the effective heat summation of Sanliurfa province is enough for commercial growing for all pomegranate cultivars.

Zusammenfassung

Die Temperatur (hoch und niedrig) ist eine der begrenzenden Umweltfaktoren für das Wachstum und die Produktion von Früchten in verschiedenen Teilen der Welt. Obstarten, die in den gemäßigten Zonen wachsen, haben einen bestimmten Gesamtwärmebedarf, um reife Früchte auszubilden. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Wärmebedarf von drei kommerziellen Sorten (‚Suruc‘, ‚Katirbasi‘ und ‚Hicaznar‘) von Granatapfel zu bestimmen, die in der Region Süd-Anatolien wachsen. Die Sorten zeigten einen gering abweichenden Wärmebedarfsanspruch während der Blüte (GDH = growing degree hours), ‚Suruc‘ (25.000), ‚Katirbasi‘ (25.270), ‚Hicaznar‘ (28.000), und einen unterschiedlichen Wärmebedarfsanspruch für die Fruchtreife, ‚Suruc‘ (73.670), ‚Katirbasi‘ (74.105) und ‚Hicaznar‘ (88.052) GDH. Unter den Bedingungen der Provinz Sanliurfa wurde 2 Jahre lang der durchschnittliche effektive Gesamtwärmebedarf vom Knospenschwellen bis zu 50 % Blütenöffnung für die Sorten ‚Suruc‘, ‚Katirbasi‘ und ‚Hicaznar‘ als growing degree days (GDD) mit 643, 655 und 718 GDD ermittelt und vom Knospenschwellen bis zur Ernte wurden 2734, 2802 und 3289 GDD berechnet. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass die effektive Wärmesumme in der Provinz Sanliurfa ausreicht, um Granatapfel-Sorten kommerziell anzubauen.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank to Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ruhi Mermut (Dept. of Soil Science) for critical reading of the manuscript, valuable comments and recommendations on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Ali Ikinci & Ibrahim Bolat

  2. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Sanliurfa Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Mehmet Mamay

  3. Department of Plant Protection, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Levent Unlu

  4. Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Sezai Ercisli

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  1. Ali Ikinci
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  2. Mehmet Mamay
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  3. Levent Unlu
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Correspondence to Sezai Ercisli.

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Ikinci, A., Mamay, M., Unlu, L. et al. Determination of Heat Requirements and Effective Heat Summations of Some Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in Southern Anatolia. Erwerbs-Obstbau 56, 131–138 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-014-0220-8

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