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Effect of water management on soil respiration and NEE of paddy fields in Southeast China

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Abstract

Water management is an important factor in regulating soil respiration and the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) between croplands and atmosphere. However, how water management affects soil respiration and the NEE of paddy fields remains unexplored. Thus, a 2-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of controlled irrigation (CI) during the rice season on the variation of soil respiration and NEE, with flooding irrigation (FI) as the control. A decrease of irrigation water input by 46.39% did not significantly affect rice yield but significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency by 0.99 kg m−3. The soil respiration rate of CI paddy fields was larger than that of FI paddy fields except during the ripening stage. Natural drying management during the ripening stage resulted in a significant increase of the soil respiration rate of the FI paddy fields. Variations of NEE with different water managements were opposite to soil respiration rates during the whole rice growth stages. Total CO2 emission of CI paddy fields through soil respiration (total R soil) increased by 11.66% compared with FI paddy fields. The increase of total R soil resulted in the significant decrease of total net CO2 absorption of CI paddy fields by 11.57% compared with FI paddy fields (p < 0.05). There were inter-annual differences of soil respiration and the NEE of paddy fields. Frequent alternate wetting and drying processes in the CI paddy fields were the main factors influencing soil respiration and NEE. CI management slightly enhanced the rice dry matter amount but accelerated the consumption and decomposition of soil organic carbon and significantly increased soil respiration, which led to the decrease of net CO2 absorption. CI management and organic carbon input technologies should be combined in applications to achieve sustainable use of water and soil resources in paddy fields.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51579070), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2014B17114, 2015B34514), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2013T60495), and the Advanced Science and Technology Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, People’s Republic of China

    Shihong Yang, Xiaojing Liu & Junzeng Xu

  2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Shihong Yang, Xiaojing Liu, Xiaoyin Liu & Junzeng Xu

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  1. Shihong Yang
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  2. Xiaojing Liu
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Correspondence to Shihong Yang.

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Yang, S., Liu, X., Liu, X. et al. Effect of water management on soil respiration and NEE of paddy fields in Southeast China. Paddy Water Environ 15, 787–796 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0591-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0591-1

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