Abstract
Safīdrūd River is the longest river in northern Iran and serves 2.5 million people as a water resource for drinking, irrigation, pisciculture, and recreation. To evaluate the fate of pesticides in paddy fields on the Safīdrūd river bank and the Safīdrūd basin, a comprehensive model is developed in this paper to predict pesticide concentration. The model includes degradation and sorption to soil in paddy field and two-dimensional turbulent with degradation in river. To investigate the effects of pesticides on health, an inclusive risk assessment is defined by parameters such as the maximum annual prediction environmental concentration and mean prediction environmental concentration of pesticides in the intake zone of the Safīdrūd river for the Rasht water treatment plant. The risk quotient of all pesticides were higher than 1 (i.e., for Diazinon it was calculated to be 670) which indicate high risk in the Rasht potable water and can potentially cause various digestive cancers and other refractory and mutagenic diseases. As a result, it is necessary to codify the global planning of pesticide application in the paddy fields by the local government.
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The authors are grateful for the assistance provided by the Rice Research Institute of Iran and Gīlān Agricultural Organization.
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Alighardashi, A., Jalali, S., Bokaei, M.N. et al. Risk assessment of pesticides in paddy fields and the Safīdrūd River in Gīlān, Iran. Paddy Water Environ 15, 371–380 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0555-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0555-x