Abstract
The skull of an adult female Tibetan macaque, Macaca thibetana, was found to completely lack the maxillary sinus (MS). This absence was accompanied by a slight lateral concavity where the ostium should have formed in the MS, a slight drop of the orbital floor, posterior and medial displacement of the zygomaxillary suture, an unusual position of the lacrimal canal, malocclusion with severely worn cheek teeth, and abnormalities in the temporomandibular joints. The facial component was disproportionally large compared with the neurocranium and mandible. This hypertrophic face probably caused the malocclusion and associated anatomical disorders and simultaneously displaced the lacrimal canal posterior to other nasal structures to preclude the possibility of maxillary pneumatization. These modifications in the spatial relationships to nasal structures might help explain the evolutionary loss and reacquisition of the MS in some primate lineages displaying great variations in facial anatomy.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Nobuo Shigehara, Daisuke Shimizu, Tomo Takano, Yuta Shintaku, Hajime Taru, Linda K. Gordon, Darrin P. Lunde, Eric Delson, Eileen Westwig, Judith Chupasko, Mark Omura, Lawrence R. Heaney, William Stanley, Tracy Damitz, Anna Goldman, Frieder Mayer, Saskia Jancke, Nora Brinkmann, Paula Jenkins, Louise Tomsett, Jiang Xue-Long, Song Li, Vu The Long, and Vu Ngoc Than, M. Nakatsukasa, N. Ogihara, and W. Yano for help with examining and/or CT scanning the specimens used in this study. We express our gratitude to the Department of Anatomy (Macro) of the Dokkyo Medial University; Japan Monkey Centre; Primate Research Institute of the Kyoto University (KUPRI); Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science; Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Japan; and Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan for providing the opportunity to examine the CT-scans. This study was financially supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant 26650171 to T.D.N.) and JSPS Fellows (Grant 11J00120 to T.I.), by a JSPS Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program for Accelerating Brain Circulation (to KUPRI), and by JSPS ITP-HOPE Programs (to KUPRI).
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Nishimura, T.D., Ito, T. Aplasia of the maxillary sinus in a Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) with implications for its evolutionary loss and reacquisition. Primates 55, 501–508 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0428-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0428-0